Green chemistry and Sustainable development.pptx

Ppt about green chemistry , sustainable chemistry , sustainable development , reactions in sustainable development, organic synthesis via green chemistry and sustainable development.

1. GREEN CHEMISTRY in SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BY– RAJAT CHAUHAN https://www.facebook.com/RaZaT.ChauHaNX

2. Green chemistry is a vital catalyst for sustainable development, offering innovative solutions that minimize pollution, conserve resources, enhance safety, and promote renewable feedstocks . By prioritizing eco-friendly products and processes, it drives innovation, fosters resource efficiency, and supports the transition to a greener, more resilient economy. This approach integrates principles from chemistry, environmental science, and engineering to create more eco-friendly solutions across various industries, from pharmaceuticals to agriculture. INTRODUCTION

3. Sustainable chemistry refers to the practice of designing and conducting chemical processes and producing chemical products in a way that conserves resources, and promotes sustainability by developing safer, more efficient, and less wasteful chemical processes and products at low cutting cost. SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY AND DEVELOPMENT Why do we need Green chemistry in Sustainable development ?

4. BENEFITS OF GREEN CHEMISTRY Reduction of hazardous substances : Green chemistry minimizes or eliminates the use of toxic chemicals, reducing harm to the environment and human health. Resource conservation: It optimizes the use of raw materials, energy, and water, reducing waste generation and promoting efficiency throughout the product lifecycle. Energy efficiency: Green chemistry techniques prioritize processes that require less energy, such as using renewable energy sources and employing catalysts to lower reaction temperatures. Improved safety: By designing safer chemicals and processes, green chemistry reduces the risk of accidents, exposure to harmful substances, and adverse health effects for workers and communities. Promotion of renewable feedstock: Green chemistry encourages the use of renewable resources, like biomass and agricultural waste, as alternatives to fossil fuels and petrochemicals, mitigating environmental impact and supporting sustainable resource management.

5. Ten Objectives of Green and Sustainable Chemistry According to the UN-PROGRAM Minimizing Chemical Hazards: Design of chemicals with minimized (or no) hazard properties for use in materials, products and production processes (“benign by design”). Avoiding regrettable substitutions and alternatives: Develop safe and sustainable alternatives for chemicals of concern through material and product innovations that do not create negative trade-offs. Sustainable sourcing of resources and feedstocks : Use of sustainably sourced resources, materials and feedstocks without creating negative trade-offs. Advancing Sustainability of Production Processes: Use green and sustainable chemistry innovation to improve resource efficiency, pollution prevention, and waste minimization in industrial processes.

6. Advancing Sustainability of Products: Use green and sustainable chemistry innovation to create sustainable products and consumption with minimized (or no) chemical hazard potential. Minimize chemical release and pollution: Reduce chemical releases throughout the life cycle of chemicals and products. Enabling non-toxic circularity and minimizing waste: Use of chemistry innovations to enable non-toxic circular material flows and sustainable supply and value chains throughout the life cycle. Maximizing Social Benefits: Consider social factors, high standards of ethics, education and justice in chemistry innovation. Protecting workers, consumers, and vulnerable populations: Safeguard the health of workers, consumers and vulnerable groups in formal and informal sectors. Developing solutions for sustainability challenges: Focus chemistry innovation to help address societal and sustainability challenges.

7. Thus , it’s beneficiary and important to integrate Green chemistry and Sustainability, can be done by incorporating Principle of green chemistry in Sustainable development at : Level – 1 (Physical Level) Using greener and safer macromaterials and energy sources in daily life activities and adopting to environmental friendly usable products and energy sources. Such as – Replacing polythene with biodegradable packaging material. Using renewable greener energy sources instead of fossil fuels. Shifting towards safer alternatives of daily use materials that are less to no toxic. Level – 2 (Chemical Level) Developing and Replacing safer and green chemicals from traditional ones, be it in a laboratory or in large scale pharmaceutical industries. Using eco-friendly routes in chemical synthesis.

8. SUSTAINABILITY AT PHYSICAL LEVEL Starting from our shoes – Most of today’s are non-biodegradable polymer based , Nylon being most common. Replacement to which is rubber or fiber based shoes. Bamboo fiber can be used in shoe industries, polymer of which is air vented ( porus ) making an advantage of comfortability over transitional shoes. Cutting cost and less degradation time, thus a better replacement to buy on.

9. In 2003, a study revealed that the industrial estimate for chemicals and fossil fuels required to manufacture a computer chip was 630 times the weight of the chip, compared to a 2:1 ratio for automobiles. LANL scientists developed a process using supercritical carbon dioxide to significantly reduce chemical and energy usage in chip preparation. Richard Wool's work at ACRES utilized chicken feathers to create a feather-based printed circuit board, leveraging keratin protein to make a lightweight and durable material. This innovation, still in development for commercial use, has also inspired applications in biofuel production. COMPUTER CHIPS

10. The low-down on feathers. A micrograph of feathers (above) shows hollow keratin fibers, a light, tough material. These fibers are combined with a soy-based epoxy to make printed circuit boards (right) that are not only recyclable but also faster than conventional boards.

11. BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS NatureWorks manufactures food containers from polylactic acid (PLA), known as Ingeo . They've innovated a process where microorganisms convert cornstarch into a resin, matching the strength of traditional petroleum-based plastics. They're also moving towards sourcing raw materials from agricultural waste. BASF created Ecoflex ®, a compostable polyester film, used for fully biodegradable bags alongside cassava starch and calcium carbonate. These bags, certified by the Biodegradable Products Institute, decompose into water, CO2, and biomass in industrial composting systems.

12. PAINT Oil-based alkyd paints emit significant amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which have various environmental impacts as they evaporate during drying and curing. Chempol ® MPS paint formulations utilize a polymer mixture of soya oil and sugar, reducing hazardous volatiles by 50% compared to fossil-fuel-derived paint resins and solvents. This innovation replaces petroleum-based solvents with biobased oils, resulting in safer paint usage and decreased toxic waste. Sherwin-Williams has developed water-based acrylic alkyd paints with low VOCs, made from recycled PET plastic, acrylics, and soybean oil. These paints combine the performance advantages of alkyds with the reduced VOC content of acrylics, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional oil-based paints.

13. ETHANOL BLENDED PETROL

14. Researchers have noted synergistic octane boosting effects when blending ethanol with gasoline surrogates. This study investigates the chemical mechanisms behind this nonlinear behavior by calculating ignition delay times for various blends of iso -octane, n-heptane, and ethanol. Temperature and pressure conditions were determined experimentally and used to analyze heat release and reactivity in premixed reactors. Ethanol showed superior radical scavenging compared to iso -octane. Computational analysis highlighted the role of H-abstraction reactions, where ethanol’s lower activation energies favored its pathway over iso -octane. This understanding can aid in fuel design towards sustainability and Environmental conservation.

15. SUSTAINABILITY AT CHEMICAL LEVEL 3 Easy ways towards Green chemistry and Sustainability in Laboratory : Run experiments on the micro scale to reduce waste. Switch to green solvents: Use 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran in place of methylene chloride, and use cyclopentylmethyl ether in place of tetrahydrofuran , 1, 4-dioxane and ether. Neutralize basic phosphate-buffered HPLC waste or acidic HCl waste to pH 7 and pour down the drain.

16. SOLVENT SELECTION

17. RELATIVE-GREEN REAGENTS/SYNTHESIS REAGENTS HEH
PMHS/Fe3(CO)12
PMHS/ Ti (O/ Pr )4
Red-Al
DIBAL-H
LiAlH4
TMDS/ ZnOTf AMIDE REDUCTION -

18. GREENER REAGENTS BH3
MBH4 / AcOH ( EtO )2 MeSiH / ZnOAc AMIDE REDUCTION

19. Pyridine synthesis Route of Synthesis Hantzsch -type pyridine synthesis

20. Greener route of Pyridine Synthesis Pyridines from Biorenewables Metal catalysed Synthesis of pyridine ring

21. Fluorination Reagents Pyfluor Ishikawa reagent
DAST Phenofluor NFSI Accufluor nBu4NF
N- FluoroPyridinium HF Selectfluor CpFluor Deoxofluor (BAST) Fluolead Xtalfluor reagents

22. Fluorination

23. GREENER REAGENTS C5HN HF
Et3N HF
KHF2 KF
F2 Pd -catalyzed methods

24. Ester Deprotection Reagents TMS-1 Tin Thiols Cyanide
B/Al Met-allyl Alkoxide Met/Hal-salts

25. Ester Deprotection

26. GREENER REAGENTS Water Hydrogenolysis (H2)
Base
Acid Biocatalysis Ester Deprotection

27. Ester Deprotection

28. Apart from the green routes, Catalysts play a crucial role in maintaining green and sustainable chemistry by promoting more efficient chemical reactions with less waste and energy consumption. They enable processes like renewable energy production, waste minimization, and safer chemical manufacturing. Additionally, catalysts can facilitate the use of eco-friendly raw materials and reduce the need for harmful chemicals, thus contributing to a more sustainable chemical industry overall. Currently, Grubbs Catalyst are the popular one among Chemical or Pharmaceutical Industries due to their sustainability and comparative greener approach : Grubbs Catalyst A series of transition metal (ruthenium) carbene complexes used as catalysts for olefin metathesis. Named after Robert H. Grubbs. Hovedya -Grubbs Catalyst The Hoveyda -Grubbs catalyst is a type of ruthenium-based catalyst used in olefin metathesis reactions. Developed by chemists Amir Hoveyda and Robert H. Grubbs.

29. Ring-closing metathesis reactions Ring-closing metathesis is a go-to reaction for scientists making medium to large rings. It’s also handy for creating rings that are tough to form due to strain or crowding from nearby atoms. Catalyst preference for these reactions will be : Catalysts for Mid-sized ring-closing metathesis :

30. Grubbs catalyst M204

31. Ring-closing metathesis to form an oxepane ring embedded in (-)- gambieric acid with applications in the pharmaceutical industry.

32. Ring-closing metathesis to yield the synthesis of an 8-membered ring structure of serpendione .

33. Ring-closing metathesis in the synthesis of (-)- stemoamide , a root extract used in Chinese and Japanese folk medicine.

34. Catalysts preference for Macrocyclic and Sterically demanding ring-closing metathesis :

35. Hoveyda -Grubbs catalyst M720

36. Ring-closing metathesis to form a 20-membered macrocycle used as a protease inhibitor in the pharmaceutical industry.

37. Formation of a key intermediate in the preparation of the cytotoxic marine natural product (-)- spongidepsin .

38. Hoveyda -Grubbs catalyst M721

39. Formation of a trisubstituted alkene scaffold used for SAR exploration.

40. Cross metathesis reactions Bringing together two unconnected alkenes in an intermolecular reaction to synthesise complex and carbon-carbon chains. Catalyst preference for these reactions will be : Catalysts for Cross metathesis of electron-deficient alkenes:

41. Grubbs catalyst M202

42. Biscarboxylic acid formation used as precursors to multiple fine chemical products.

43. Synthesis of B-lactone structures bearing a variety of alkyl chains at the 3-position.

44. Catalysts preference for Synthesis of Trisubstituted linear alkenes :

45. The preparation of vitamin E intermediates by cross metathesis of Trisubstituted and Disubstituted alkenes.

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