green fuels.pptx

Green fuels are the alternatives of fossil fuels with this we can reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. These fuels will not only reduce pollutions but can also provide extra mileage and because they are produced renewable sources so they will be easily available for the public.

1. GREEN FUELS PRESENTED BY :- Sreejoy Basu Roy MECHANICAL 7 TH SEM REGD N0 – 2001289345 GROUP – 1 MENTOR – Ashis kumar barik

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TYPES OF GREEN FUELS BENEFITS OF GREEN FUELS BIOFUELS HYDROGEN SOLAR ENERGY WIND ENERGY CHALLENGES AND FUTURE OUTLOOK REFERENCES CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION Green fuels also known as renewable fuels or alternative fuels are energy sources derived from renewable resources that have a low carbon footprint compared to traditional fossil fuels.

4. A huge variety of feedstocks can be used to create biofuel, ranging from vegetable oil and crop residue to algae and by-products from beer breweries. Companies such as  Green Fuels  are at the forefront of renewable energy, producing more than 420 million litres of biofuel every year. Biofuels and green hydrogen are at the center of India's energy transition pathway to help it realize its ambitions of net zero emissions by 2070 and 50% by 2030.  On  this regard "The Global Biofuels Alliance" was launched in G20 under India's presidency this year to meet global and India's target of net zero emissions. 

5. TYPES OF GREEN FUELS Biofuels -  Derived from organic matter such as plants , algae and agricultural waste. Hydrogen -   Hydrogen fuel  refers to  hydrogen  which is burned as  fuel  with pure  oxygen. Hydrogen fuel can be produced from methane or by electrolysis of water.

6. 3)  Solar Energy -  Solar energy  is  radiant   light  and  heat  from the  Sun  that is harnessed using a range of technologies such as  solar power  to generate  electricity ,  solar thermal energy   . It is converted into or used directly as a fuel source. 4 ) Wind Energy -  Wind power  is the use of  wind  energy to generate useful work i.e. to generate electricity.

7. BENEFITS OF GREEN FUELS There are many benefits of green fuels, some of the main benefits are as follows Reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable and sustainable. Increased energy security. Job creation.

8. BIOFUELS Unlike other renewable energy sources, biomass can be converted directly into liquid fuels, called "biofuels," to help meet transportation fuel needs. The two most common types of biofuels in use today are ethanol and biodiesel, both of which represent the first generation of biofuel technology . Biofuels play a particularly important role in decarbonizing transport by providing a low-carbon solution for existing technologies. Government has emphasized on achieving energy security of the country with a target of reducing import dependence i.e. usage of fossil fuels. These resources include agriculture and forest residue, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), cow dung etc. which can be used to convert into biofuels and promote “Make in India” campaign. .   

9. ETHANOL Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is a renewable fuel used as a blending agent with gasoline to increase octane and cut down carbon monoxide and other smog-causing emissions. Ethanol is a renewable fuel made from corn and other plant materials. Ethanol use is widespread, and more than 98% of gasoline in the U.S. contains some ethanol. The most common blend of ethanol is E10 (10% ethanol, 90% gasoline ). India plans to start using 20% ethanol blended petrol from 2025. Currently, most petrol pumps give 10% ethanol blended petrol.

10. What is ethanol blending and how does it help? Ethanol blending is nothing but blended motor fuel containing ethyl alcohol that is at least 99% pure and is derived from agricultural products, and blended exclusively with petrol. So , what is the government’s plan? The government has said it plans to push up the current 10% ethanol blended petrol to 20% in the next two years across India. Challenges being faced by the industry Currently, most of the ethanol being produced uses either sugarcane on rice as its raw material. Both these crops are water intensive. A month back, when rice prices shot up, The Indian ethanol manufacturers faced a tough time as rice supply was stopped to the industry.

11. 2. BIODIESEL Biodiesel is a liquid fuel produced from renewable sources, such as new and used vegetable oils and animal fats and is a cleaner-burning replacement for petroleum-based diesel fuel. Like petroleum-derived diesel, biodiesel is used to fuel compression-ignition (diesel) engines. Biodiesel can be blended with petroleum diesel in any percentage, including B100 (pure biodiesel) and, the most common blend, B20 (a blend containing 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel ). MoP&NG announced a Biodiesel Purchase Policy which became effective 1st January 2006. On 10.08.2015, Government allowed direct sale of Biodiesel (B100) for blending with diesel to Bulk Consumers such as Railways, State Road Transport Corporations. On 29.06.2017 Government allowed sale of biodiesel to all consumers for blending with diesel . The Biodiesel procurement by OMCs increased from 1.1 crore litres during 2015-16 to 10.56 crore litres during 2019-20 . Presently, bio-diesel is being produced in the country primarily from imported palm stearin oil.

12. Production Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils, yellow grease, used cooking oils, or animal fats. The production volume of biodiesel fuel in India was 185 million liters in 2022. This is forecast to increase to 200 million liters in 2023. Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oil, animal fats, and waste oils . What is the main source of biodiesel in India? Biofuel development in India centres mainly around the cultivation and processing of Jatropha plant seeds, which are very rich in oil, ranging from 27 to 40%, and averaging 34.4 %.

13. Advantages They can reduce the need for landfill space. They Come From Renewable Sources. They Burn Cleaner Than Fossil Fuels. They Reduce Energy Reliance and Create Jobs.   Challenges They Take Up Land That We Could Use for Food Production. They Are Expensive to Produce.   They May Increase Deforestation.

14. HYDROGEN Hydrogen is a clean fuel that, when consumed in a fuel cell, produces only water. Hydrogen can be produced from a variety of domestic resources, such as natural gas, nuclear power, biomass, and renewable power like solar and wind. Today , hydrogen fuel can be produced through several methods. The most common methods today are natural gas reforming (a thermal process), and electrolysis. Other methods include solar-driven and biological processes . THERMAL PROCESSES Thermal processes for hydrogen production typically involve steam reforming, a high-temperature process in which steam reacts with a hydrocarbon fuel to produce hydrogen. Today , about 95% of all hydrogen is produced from steam reforming of natural gas.

15. ELECTROLYTIC PROCESSES Water can be separated into oxygen and hydrogen through a process called electrolysis. Electrolytic processes take place in an electrolyzer, which functions much like a  fuel cell  in reverse—instead of using the energy of a hydrogen molecule, like a fuel cell does, an electrolyzer creates hydrogen from water molecules. SOLAR-DRIVEN PROCESSES Solar-driven processes use light as the agent for hydrogen production. There are a few solar-driven processes, including photo biological, photo electrochemical, and solar thermochemical BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES Biological processes use microbes such as bacteria and microalgae and can produce hydrogen through biological reactions.

16. Advantages Renewable and Readily Available Hydrogen is a Clean and Flexible Energy Source to support Zero-Carbon Energy Strategies More Powerful and Energy Efficient than Fossil Fuels Almost Zero Emissions Reduces Carbon Footprints No Noise Pollution Long Usage Times Ideal for Use in Remote Areas Disadvantages Hydrogen Extraction Investment is Required Cost of Raw Materials Regulatory Issues Overall Cost Hydrogen Storage Infrastructure Highly Flammable

17. SOLAR ENERGY Solar energy is created by nuclear fusion that takes place in the sun. It is necessary for life on Earth, and can be harvested for human uses such as electricity . Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV) or indirectly using concentrated solar power. Solar power is a fast developing industry in India.[1] The country's solar installed capacity was 71.61 GWAC as of 31 August 2023 . Solar power generation in India  ranks fourth globally  in 2021. The   International Solar Alliance  (ISA), proposed by India as a founder member, is headquartered in India. India has also put forward the concept of "One Sun One World One Grid" and "World Solar Bank" to harness abundant solar power on a global scale.

18. Advantages Renewable Energy Source Reduces Electric Bill Energy Independence Disadvantages Rising Power Prices High Cost of Solar Panels Sunlight Dependent Solar Energy Storage Is Expensive Environmental Impact of Manufacturing Scarcity of Materials

19. WIND ENERGY Wind is used to produce electricity by converting the kinetic energy of air in motion into electricity. Wind power has grown rapidly since 2000, driven by R&D, supportive policies and falling costs. Both onshore and offshore wind still have tremendous potential for greater deployment and improvement, globally . Odisha has a wind power potential of 1700MW. Tamil Nadu is the largest producer of wind energy in India, with an installed capacity of over 10 GW as of 2021. The state has been a leader in developing wind energy in India, with favorable wind conditions along its coastline.

20. Advantages Wind energy is clean and renewable Wind energy has low operating costs Wind energy is space-efficient Disadvantages Wind energy is intermittent Wind energy causes noise and visual pollution Wind turbines have some negative impacts on their surrounding environment Wind energy is remote

21. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE OUTLOOK T here are still numerous challenges for green fuels to be widely adopted along with a promising future outlook. One of the main challenges for green fuels is their production cost. Another significant challenge is the limited availability of feedstock for green fuel production. Infrastructure is another hurdle for widespread adoption of green fuels. Despite these challenges the future of green fuels is promising. Governments around the world are increasingly recognizing the importance. There is a increasing demand for green fuels in the market due to pollution and rising fuel costs.

22. CONCLUSION In conclusion, while there are challenges to overcome, the future outlook for green fuels is promising.

23. REFERENCES Government of India website - Ministry of energy , oil and petroleum. Some news data like Bloomberg and Economic Times. Government of U.S . website – Ministry of energy.

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