Green gram production technology It contains all package of practices

Green gram production technology
It contains all package of practices

1. Improvementinpostharvesttechnologyandvalueaddition.
Farmmachineryavailabilityandusebythefarmers.
Policysupportthroughfiveyearplanstothefarmersforproductionofpulse
andoilseedcrops.
Additionalareaunderpulse/oilseedcrops.

2. Green gram/ Moong

3. ScientificallyknownasVignaradiata.
KnownasMoong,Greengram,Mung
bean,Goldenbean.
Importantpulsesoriginatedfrom
India/CentralAsia.
Shortdurationlegumecrop.
Grownmostlyasafallowcropin
rotationwithrice.

4. Geographic Distribution:
CultivatedthroughoutSouthernAsia,Pakistan,Thailand,SriLanka,
Indonesia,China&SomepartsofAfrica.
World:-Area:–5.0mhaProduction:-2.5mt
Worldsaverageproduction:-500kg/ha.
Indiaistheworld’slargestproducer(45%)aswellasconsumerofgreen
gram.
Itproducesabout1.5to2.0milliontonsofMungannuallyfromabout3to4
millionhectaresofarea.
Averageproductivityis355kgperhectare.

5. Maharashtra,Rajasthan,AP,Karnataka,Orissa,Bihar,MP&UP.–Major
states
MaharashtraranksFirstinarea(0.66mha)&Production(0.38mt)followed
byRajasthan,APandKarnataka.
AverageproductivityinMaharashtra-575kg/hectare

6. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF
GREENGRAM
Itisarichinprotein(25%).
Itisconsumedinsomanywaysaswholegrainsaswellasdal.
GoodsourceofRiboflavinandThiamine.
Sproutedseed–Ascorbicacid(Vit.C).
Halwaispreparedfrommung.
Greenmanurecrop(30-40kgN/ha).
Shortdurationalcrop-Intensivecroprotation.
Greenmanure-Plantsaresometimescutandploughedintothe
soiltoenrichsoilnitrogen.
Cattlefeed.

7. Classification: -
Types Seed ColourSeeds ShatteringUses
1.Green gramBright greenProlific Very lessAs pulse
2. Golden bean
Yellowish
shining
Shy Yes
Hay, Silage&
cover crop
Purse Glove (1991)

8. SOIL
AND
CLIMATE

9. Wide variety of soils –sandy loam to black cotton soils.
Well drained loamy to sandy loam soils best for cultivation.
pH –6.5 to 7.5
Tolerate to slight soil salinity.
Soil:

10. Climate:
Tropical Pulse crop –Semiarid and sub tropical environment.
Altitude –2000 m
Rainfall –600 to 1000 mm
Optimum mean temperature –28 to 30
0
C.
Critical temperature for germination -20 to 40
0
C.
Short day plant
Flowering is affected with rise in temperature.

11. FIELDPREPARATION
One or two ploughings followed by 1 or 2 harrowings.
Irrigated crop –Levelling is necessary.

12. Amendments for soil surfacecrusting:
To tide over the soil surface crusting apply-
lime at the rate of 2t/ha
FYM at12.5t/ha(or)
Composted coir pith at 12.5 t/ha to get an additional yieldof
about15 -20%.

13. Sowing time
Crop is sown during, Kharif, Rabi and Summer season.
Kharif: -Onset of monsson, mid June to first fortnight of July.
Rabi : -October to November
Summer: -Mid March to mid April

14. VARIETIES
•Kopergaon,Kopergaon-1,Vaibhav,Jalgaon-1,Pusa
Vaishakhi,PhuleM-2,Varsha,Utkarsha
•TAP-7,S-8,TARM-2,TARM-18,AKM-8803,AKM-9910,
AKM-991(Greengold),PKVM-8802,BM-2003-2,BM-
2002-1,BPMR-145

15. SEEDTREATMENT
With sulphuricacid
•Shrunken
•Shrivelled
•fungalinfected
•brunchedinfected
•Hardseed
Shrunken Hardseed
Forseedbornediseases,Thiramorcaptan@2to3g/kgseeds.
Asitisleguminousplant–RhizobiumcultureRhizobium
leguminosarum.

16. SOWING
Depth–5 -7 cm (Irrigated)
8 –9 cm (Rainfed)
Spacing
Row-to-row–30 cm
Plant toplant –10 cm
Spreading: -45 X 10 cm
It can be done–
(a)Manually (Broadcasting, LineSowing)
(b)Mechanically (Seeddrill, Behind a plough)
Seed Rate:
 12-15 kg/ha Optimum
 Irrigated (Closer spacing) –20 kg/ha
 Relay Cropping: -25 –30 kg/ha

17. METHODS OFSOWING
Manually(broad castingand
linesowing)
Seeddrill
•Sprinkling or sowing seeds ina
linemanually
Advantages
•Easy
•Requires noskill
•Fastest
•Cheapest
Disadvantages
•Unevendistribution
•Requires large quantity ofseeds
•Loss of seeds (air,birds)
•Lowyield
•Weed growth ismore
•Sowing of seeds atparticular
measurement by seeddriller
Advantages
•Accuratesowing
•Evendistribution
•Nowastage
•Weed growth isavoided
Disadvantages
•Costly
•Requires skilledpersonnel

18. Line sowedField
SeedDrill

19. MANURES AND FERTILIZERS

20. FERTILIZERS
Being leguminousplant
•Atmospheric N–RhizobiumSpp.
•Requirement-lessfertilizer
Rainfed:12.5 kg N
2+ 25kgP
2O
5+12.5 kgK
2O+ 10kgS*/ha
Irrigated:25 kg N
2 + 50kgP
2O
5+25kg K
2O+20kg S*/ha
•Application of Zinc Sulphate15-20 kg/ha or 20 kgSulphur with
gypsum (for goodproduction)
•Spraying of 2 % DAP at flowering & Pod filling -found advantageous

21. IRRIGATION
Rainfedcrop–Doesnotrequiredanyirrigation.
Rabi&Summercrop–5to6irrigations
Schedulingofirrigation=50%DASM
CriticalStages–1.Flowering(35DAS)
2.Podfilling(55DAS)
Pre-sowingirrigation–summercropforgoodgermination&
seedlingestablishment.
IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT

22. IRRIGATIONTECHNIQUES
Minimisingtheimpactofwaterloggingtwodifferentirrigation
methodsareused:
FURROW IRRIGATION SPARYIRRIGATION
For steep gradedfield Approxiately50mmperweek
normallyberequiredduring
floweringandpodfill

23. IRRIGATION
Cropshouldbekeptweedfreeupto35days.
TwoInterculturing
1.20to25DAS 2.40to45DAS
Hoeingshouldbedonefollowedbyweeding.
Pre-plant–[email protected]./ha
WEED MANAGEMENT

24. IntercropCultivation
•Itisadroughtresistantcropandsuitablefordrylandfarming.
•Itispredominantlyusedasanintercropwithcropslike
cottonandredgram.
•Itisalsobeinggrownasintercropinfruitcropslikemango,
citrusetc.whentheyareyoung.

25. Crop rotations of greengram
•The common crop rotations followed in India include:
Green gram –Mustard
Green gram –Safflower
Green gram –Linseed
Green gram –Wheat.

26. Pests
•Major pests of greengram:
Borers
Suckingpests
Flowerfeeder

27. 1.Borers
Gram pod borer: Helicoverpaarmigera
•Symptomsof
damage:
1.Defoliationinearly
stages.
2.Larva’sheadalone
thrustinsidethepods
andtherestofthebody
hangingout.
3.Podswithroundholes
•Identification ofthepest
1.Larva-Greenishwhite
withbrownhead.Ithas
twopairsofdarkspotson
thebackofeachsegment
2.Adult -Forewings-light
brown colour with white
markings.
3.Hindwings –white colour
with brown markings at the
lateral edge

28. Spiny pod borer,Etiellazinckenella
•Symptomsof
damage
1.Dropping of
flowers andyoung
pods.
2.Older pods
marked with a
brown spot where
a larvae has
entered
Blue butterfly:Lampidesboeticus
•Symptomsof
damage
1.Buds, flowersand
young pods with
boreholes.
2.Presence ofslug
likecaterpillar.
3.Honey dew
secretionwith
black ant
movements

29. Bean Aphids: Aphis
craccivora
•Symptomsof
damage
1.Leaves,
inflorescence stalk
andyoung
pods covered with
dark coloured
aphids.
2.Honey dew
secretion with black
antmovements
Leaf hopper –Empoascakerri
2.Suckingpests
•Symptomsof
damage
1.Leave mottledand
yellowish in
colour.
2.Green colour
insects found
under surfaceof
leaves

30. Lab lab bug or Stink bug:
Coptosomacribraria
•Symptomsof
damage
1.Clusteron
the plant parts
and suck thesap.
Whitefly –Bemisiatabaci
•Symptomsof
damage
1.Leave mottledand
yellowish in
colour.
2.vector ofyellow
mosaicvirus

31. 3.Flowerfeeder
Blister beetle: Mylabrisphalerata
•Symptoms ofdamage
1. The adult feeds voraciously on buds and
flowers.
•Management
1.Manual collection or collection with insect
net and killing of adults in kerosenized
water appears to be the only possible
solution.

32. HARVESTING
•CropshouldbeharvestedatphysiologicalMaturity.
•Shatteringisagreatprobleminpulses.
•Harvestingisgenerallyby2to3picking.
•Harvestingisdonebyuprootingorbycuttingplant
abovegroundlevelwithsickle.
•Threshingisdoneby–Threshes,Beatingor
trampling.

33. YIELD
•AGoodcrop–12to15qgrains/ha
•Summercrop–15to20qgrains/ha