GREEN NANOTECHNOLOGY: BRIDGING THE GAP IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND MEDICAL ENGINEERING FOR SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS .pptx

GREEN NANOTECHNOLOGY: BRIDGING THE GAP IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND MEDICAL ENGINEERING FOR SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS. This material is useful for UG and PG Courses

1. GREEN NANOTECHNOLOGY: BRIDGING THE GAP IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND MEDICAL ENGINEERING FOR SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS Ms.S . Swetha B.Sc. Zoology, E.M.G Yadava Women’s College, Tamil Nadu, India Dr.Vijaya Assistant Professor of Botany, E.M.G Yadava Women’s College, Tamil Nadu, India

2. Importance of Green Nanostructures in Environmental and Medical Engineering Green Nanotechnology is an effective tool to achieve sustainable development. Nano-adsorbents, Nano-filtration, Nano-photocatalysts, and Nanosensors are some methods developed using Nanotechnology to treat water and wastewater. Nanotechnology is an effective tool for achieving sustainable development and a greener future by eliminating and controlling environmental pollutants.

3. Aim Create goods and procedures that are secure, energy-efficient, waste-free, and emit fewer greenhouse gases. Produce nanomaterials and products that do not harm the environment or human health. Provide solutions to environmental and medical problems with nano-products. Use principles of green chemistry and green engineering to make nanomaterials and nano-products without toxic ingredients. Use of low temperature and less energy during the production process and employ renewable inputs. Apply lifecycle thinking in all design and engineering stages.

4. Current Status of Environmental and Medical Engineering in Nanostructures RISKS, CHALLENGES • The adverse effects of nanomaterials on the environment, toxicity and subsequent effects on the ecosystem, and human health are the primary concerns. • Nanomaterials' regeneration and reuse. • Nanosized particles may experience structural degradation when exposed to harsh or toxic conditions during environmental applications.

5. MECHANISM OF NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS USING PHYTOEXTRACTS

6. SILVER NANOPARTICLES - Silver nanoparticles ( AgNPs ) are gaining importance in various biomedical and industrial applications. - Extracts from natural sources such as Curcuma longa bark and powder have been used for synthesizing AgNPs . - Studies suggest that the bark extract is more effective in producing AgNPs than the powder extract. - Other natural sources such as Lonicera japonica plant leaves, Syzygium cumuni seed extracts, and the latex of Plumeria rubra have also been found to be effective in producing silver and gold nanostructures.

7. Plant Name Parts Used Size (nm) Shapes Morinda citrifolia  L. Leaves, fruit pulp, seeds 3–11 Spherical Nymphae odorata Leaves 15 ± 5 Spherical Capparis zeylanica Leaves 23 Spherical Caesalpinia pulcherrima Leaves 9 Spherical Carya illinoinensis Leaves 12–30 Spherical Mentha piperita Leaves extract 35 Spherical Jatropha curcas Latex 10–20 Face-centered cubic Acalypha indica Leaves extract 20–30 Spherical Hibiscus rosa sinensis Leaves 14 Spherical/prism Cycas Leaves 2–6 Spherical Ceratonia siliqua Leaves extract 5–40 Spherical Suaeda monoica Leaves 31 Spherical Catharanthtus roseus Leaves 35–55 Cubical Ocimum sanctum Leaves extract 10–20 Spherical

8. Sesuvium portulacastrum Callus extract 5–20 Spherical Syzygium cumini Leaves and seed 29–92 Spherical Cinnamomum camphora Sun dried leaves 3.2–20 Cubic hexagonal crystalline Melia azedarach Leaves 78 Spherical Rhododedendron dauricam Flower extract 25–40 Spherical Lippia citriodora Leaves extract 15–30 Crystalline Tribulus terrestris Fruit 16–28 Spherical Citrullusm colocynthis Leaves 31 Spherical Ocimum tenuiflorum Leaves 25–40 Spherical Ginkgo biloba Leaves 15–500 Cubic Tanacetum vulgare Fruit 16 Spherical Argemone mexicana Leaves extract 30 Spherical, hexagonal

9. Factors Affecting Plant-Assisted Synthesis of Nanoparticles During the biosynthesis of nanoparticles, the major difficulties often faced are maintaining the structure and size of particles in addition to obtaining mono-dispersity in the solution phase. Nevertheless, these problems can be solved by monitoring development factors, namely pH, temperature and incubation time.

10. Synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) are produced via the green route for various biological applications. The different sizes, shapes and surface bio-functionalized NPs are developed in a controlled way for the target application.

11. Researchers have been exploring the plant-assisted synthesis of metal nanoparticles that are derived from plant extracts. This method has several advantages such as being eco-friendly, biocompatible, and cost-effective. These researchers have been prioritizing the investigation of the biochemical pathways and enzymatic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of nanomaterials. Additionally, they have been identifying and characterizing biomolecules that are associated with nanoparticle synthesis. This is an ongoing process, with researchers from various fields contributing more significant solutions to the critical problems that arise.

12. APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICAL FIELD Nanotechnology has vast applications in medicine, known as nanomedicine. Nanoparticles can be used in diagnostic tools, imaging, targeted medication, implants, and tissue engineering. Nanomedicine uses nanotechnologies to prevent, diagnose, monitor, and treat diseases. Nanotechnologies have enormous potential in the development of advanced imaging, diagnostics, drug delivery, and therapeutics. They have led to significant advancements in treating diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, psychiatric, neurodegenerative, bacterial, viral infections, and diabetes. Therefore, nanotechnologies offer novel possibilities for healthcare professionals and researchers to explore new avenues for treatment and care.

13. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND CANCER TREATMENT

14. PLANT-DERIVED NANOPARTICLES FOR CANCER THERAPY Plants are rich in bioactive phytochemicals that can prevent and suppress cancer. Catharanthus roseus is a natural source of two anticancer vinca alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, while Paclitaxel (Taxol) was initially derived from Taxus brevifolia . However, many of the newly discovered phytochemicals that are considered for anticancer treatment have poor pharmacokinetics, which limits their use in medicinal applications.

15. REAL WORLD APPLICATIONS OF GREEN NANOSTRUCTURES Green nanoparticles are used in various areas such as personal care, medicine, nano-enabled devices, food, aquaculture sciences, and agricultural products. The eco-friendly method of green synthesis is commonly used for industrial production of metal nanoparticles. Nanotechnological products, processes, and applications contribute significantly to environmental protection by conserving energy, raw materials, and water. They also reduce hazardous waste and greenhouse gases, making them an essential part of environmental sustainability.

16. POSITIVE ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ON GREEN NANOTECHNOLOGY Improving Water Quality and Ensuring Food Safety:- Use sensors to detect pollutants in water. Treat water sources to remove contaminants. Test water quality regularly. Educate the public on water conservation and proper disposal of hazardous materials. Monitor food production and use proper preservation techniques. Adhere to regulatory guidelines and standards. Conduct regular inspections and audits. Invest in research to improve water quality and food safety.

17. Negative Aspects of Green Nanotechnology in Environmental and Health care Impact Nanoparticles such as copper oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, and nickel oxide can accumulate in soil and have adverse effects on plant growth. Specifically, they can hinder photosynthesis and transpiration rates, ultimately reducing the plant's overall health. It's essential to monitor the presence of these nanoparticles in soil and take necessary steps to mitigate their negative impact on plant growth.

18. CHALLENGES Ethical Concerns: Sustainable nanotechnology poses ethical challenges that extended beyond research and development. Enlarging Applications: It provides opportunities to expand the applications of our studies. Importance of Starting with Safe Materials: Starting with non-toxic materials is crucial for producing accurate and widely applicable results, particularly for clinical or industrial use. Research Carefulness: It's imperative to conduct research carefully, considering potential dangers and improving safety in laboratories and future applications. Moving Beyond Practical Results: We should go beyond simply achieving practical and successful outcomes to considering their environmental impact. Publication Considerations: Authors must address safety aspects and environmental evaluations in their published works in the field of nanotechnology.

19. Future Works Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation: Nanoparticles offer a promising avenue for addressing environmental issues sustainably and comprehensively. Need for Further Improvements: There is still a need for advancements in nanotechnology to enhance its effectiveness in environmental remediation. Lab vs. Real-World Studies: While many studies have been conducted in laboratory settings, further research in real-world scenarios is essential to fully grasp the potential of nanomaterials in environmental remediation.

20. CONCLUSION Challenges of Traditional Nanoparticle Synthesis: Conventional methods for nanoparticle synthesis are costly and can generate potentially harmful byproducts. It's crucial to mitigate contamination risks associated with the chemicals used in these processes. Emergence of Green Synthesis: Green synthesis, using plant extracts, has become a key focus in nanotechnology. Benefits of Plant-Assisted Synthesis: Plant extracts offer a readily available and eco-friendly method for scaling up the production of well-dispersed metallic nanoparticles in industries. Advantages of Plant-Based Nanoparticle Synthesis: This approach is characterized by its eco-friendliness, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. Focus on Biochemical Pathways: Prioritizing research into the biochemical pathways and enzymatic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of nanomaterials can further enhance green synthesis methods. Continuous Research Efforts: Research in nanotechnology is ongoing, with experts from various fields continuously contributing to finding solutions to significant challenges.

21. References: Google images Google online Research articles