Green revolution, genetic erosion

Short descriptions on :
Green Revolution, Genetic Erosion , Agriculture.

1. GREEN REVOLUTION, GENETIC EROSION, AND TRADITIONAL CROSSBREEDING IN GENETIC ENGINEERING PRESENTED BY: SAHIL SHAKYA B.TECH BIOTECHNOLOGY (7 th SEMESTER) AITM 3/29/2018

2. Green Revolution  set of research and the development of technology transfer initiatives occurring between the 1930s and the late 1960s  that increased agricultural production worldwide

3.  "Green Revolution" was first used in a March 8, 1968 speech by the administrator of the  U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Norman Borlaug, the "Father of the Green Revolution“.

4. Approaches development of high-yielding varieties of cereal grains expansion of irrigation infrastructure modernization of management techniques distribution of hybridized seeds synthetic fertilizers pesticides  to farmers

5. Need Land Reform Irrigation Farm mechanization

6. Present Scenario Productivity of all crops eg . Wheat, rice, cotton ,maize etc has increased due to better seeds. Chemical fertilizers , irrigation and mechanization of agriculture Generated employment.

7. Production Increases Cereal production more than doubled in developing nations between the years 1961–1985 Yields of rice, maize, and wheat increased steadily during that period  heavily rely on chemical fertilizers, pesticides  and  herbicides and rely on machines

8. Effects Increase in production Capitalistic farming Rural employment Import of food grains Development of Industries Economic growth

9. Issues Pollution and erosion of soil Pollution of water Unemployment among uneducated farmers Deadly disease Harmful for farmers Consumption may be adverse Overuse of chemical pesticides and fertilizers caused negative effects on soil and land.

10. Issues Regarding Green Revolution

11. Green Revolution Conclusion Has done a lot of positive things, saving the lives of million people and exponentially increasing the food crops. But environmental degradation makes the green revolution an overall inefficient , short term solution to the problem of insecurity. So, more sustainable and environmental friendly system of cultivation needs to be practiced. The world needs green revolution 2, which promises to feed a growing world population sustainably without compromising the needs of future generation.

12. Genetic Erosion Genetic erosion refers to the process in which a plant or animal species faces a gradual or drastic diminishing or complete loss of its unique gene pool

13. It occurs because each individual organism has many unique genes which get lost when it dies without getting a chance to breed.

14. Causes of Genetic Erosion variety replacement, land clearing,  overexploitation  of species, population pressure ,   environmental degradation ,  overgrazing, governmental policy, and changing agricultural systems

15. Prevention In situ conservation Wildlife sanctuaries and national parks have been created to preserve entire  ecosystems Ex situ conservation seedbanks , sperm banks, and tissue banks 

16. Traditional Cross Breeding produce a new plant by mating or hybridizing two different species, breeds, or varieties . Thousands of years ago, farmers simply saved seeds from their best plants for replanting. Over time, plant breeders developed increasingly sophisticated techniques to attain specific traits i.e. Genetic Engineering

17. Traditional methods Simple Selection Cross-Pollination Hybridization Natural Mutations Induced Mutations

18. Genetically Modified inserting genetic material from one organism into the DNA of a completely unrelated organism , only method available to plant breeders to confer beneficial traits between unrelated species . for example , To create “ Bt corn”, scientists incorporated genetic material from  Bacillus thuringiensis   into the DNA of corn plants.

19. Benefits of GMO reduced pesticide use improved yields plants with higher nutrient levels U.S. Food and Drug Administration has deemed GMOs safe

20. Defects  many consumers still  hesitate Organic growers worry that the pests will develop resistance to Bt Bt -resistant bollworms were found in cotton fields in Mississippi and Arkansas within seven years of the introduction of Bt cotton. health, environmental and philosophical concerns

21. THANK YOU