Group-12- Short-Megaprojects and Their Impact on GDP and SDG -final.pptx

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1. Mega Project Group 12

2. Large investment commitment Long lasting impact on Economy, Environment and Society Complexity especially in Organization terms Takes many years to build or complete the project Mega Project Typically cost $1 billion or more

3. History of Mega Project The first mega project in history is often considered to be the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza in ancient Egypt. Built around 4,500 years ago during the reign of Pharaoh Khufu. Ancient mega project Modern Mega project The Padma Multipurpose bridge, the metro rail, Rooppur nuclear power point, Airport Third Terminal these are the example of modern mega project

4. The Padma Bridge Rooppur nuclear power plant Purbachal New Town Airport Third Terminal The Metro Rail Top Mega Project in Bangladesh

5. Impact of Mega Project on SDG No Poverty Zero Hunger Good Health And Wellbeing Quality Education Gender Equality Clean Water And Sanitation Affordable And Clean Energy Decent Work And Economic Growth Industry, Innovation And Infrastructure Reduce Inequality Sustainable Cities And Communities Responsible Consumption And Production Climate Action Life Below Water Life On Land Peaceful And Inclusive Societies P artnerships For The Goals

6. Indirect impact Two types of impact of mega project on SDG Direct impact Influence is visible in open eyes Influence is not visible in open eyes

7. Impact of Mega Project on SDG Impact of The Padma bridge on these SDG Direct impact Impact of Rooppur nuclear power plant on SDG

8. Impact of Mega Project on SDG Impact of Airport Third terminal on SDG Impact of Pubarchal new town on SDG Direct impact

9. Impact of Mega Project on SDG Impact of the Metro rail on SDG Direct impact

10. Impact of Mega project on GDP What is GDP?? Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period Here is the answer:

11. Impact of Mega Project on GDP How we measure GDP?? Expenditure approach Consumption Investment Government Expenditure NX( export –import)

12. Economic benefits of The Padma Multipurpose bridge Impact of Padma Bridge Farmers are getting fair prices Transport costs, time reduced Investment in transportation increases Housing sector booming Two new EPZs are being set up  17 new economic zones are forming RMG gets new route through Mongla Port. Result The Padma Bridge will add 1.23% to Bangladesh's gross domestic product and another 2% to the regional economy of 21 southwestern districts According to

13. Economic benefits of Rooppur nuclear power plant 1. 15% Electricity demand of the whole country, especially in the northern districts will be filled. 2. The Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant will help us achieve several SDGs by 2030. 3.The government has set up an export processing zone at Ishwardi. 4.Foreign investors will be encouraged to set up industries here as enough power will be available from the Rooppur project. Result Increase in GDP 3 to 4 percent . According to

14. Economic benefits of Airport Third Terminal Enhance trade Industrials growth Job creation Economic diversification Revenue generation Infrastructure Development Trade balance improvement Regional development Foreign direct investment (FDI) Tourism and hospitality. Result 0.5% expected annual GDP growth after competing the project According to

15. Economic benefits of Purbachal new town Enhance trade Industrials growth Job creation Economic diversification Revenue generation Infrastructure Development Result 1.2 expected annual GDP growth according to RAJUK

16. Economic benefits of The metro rail 1. Escape from Traffic Congestion 2.Employment 3. Businesses Around the Stations 4. Convenience and Safety 5. Technological Advancement 6. Decentralization of Urban Population 7. Impact on the Environment Result An increase on 1.5% national GDP According to

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18. Impact of Padma Bridge on SDG & GDP

19. Basic Information: Project name: Padma Multipurpose Bridge Timeline: 2014-2022 Inaugurated: 25 th of June, 2022 (Road) 7 th of September,2023 (Rail-Trial) Lenth: 6.15 Kilometers It is a double deck structure, on the upper deck for road traffic & the lower deck for train transportation. Total cost of this construction is tk 30,193 crore. It connects Dhaka with the southwestern part of Bangladesh

20. Significance Of Padma BRIDGE: Before Padma bridge, Due to poor connectivity, economic operations in the southwestern zone have not been too easy. Consequently, the districts did not seize much industrialization. As a result, poverty and under-employment constitute major problems in the region . Ferries, launches and boats were the only means of communication and transport on the Padma River to the south-western districts. This form of transport was not only uncertain but was also time-consuming.

21. Significance Of Padma BRIDGE: However, the Padma Bridge will offer many advantages to the region. It will connect the isolated 21 southwestern districts to the mainstream economy. It will also connect the port of Mongla and the port of Paira , respectively the second and third-largest ports in the country, with the capital. Enhanced connectivity will encourage investment in the region. Therefore, not only will the economy in the southwestern region prosper and create jobs, but the economy as a whole will grow. The Padma Multipurpose Bridge is estimated to boost the country's annual GDP by 1.23 per cent. Similarly, the southwestern region's GDP is projected to increase by 2.5 per cent. Additionally, the bridge will be linked to the Padma Rail Link Project, which is expected to turn Bangladesh into a sub-route of the trans-Asian rail network and accelerate GDP growth by approximately 1 per cent. By doing so, Bangladesh will be able to maintain a railway network with Bhutan, Nepal and India.

22. How to impact on SDGs: SDG no 1 Padma Bridge will reduce the overall poverty index by over 1% every year SDG no 8 10 lakh new jobs would be created in next five years which would triple after 10 years SDG no 9 Various additional structures like readymade garments, IT & logistics are set to be built on both sides  SDG no 11 Increases connectivity reduce travel time, making cities more accessible , improve living standards & effective urban planning makes sustainable & well-designed cities. SDG no 13 Use of trains which tend to have lower emissions per passenger-kilometer compared to cars & bridge’s design considers flooding and earthquake to protect.

23. SDG 1: NO POVERTY  Roughly 5 per cent more people live below the poverty line in the southwestern districts, in comparison with the rest of the nation, said the Asian Development Bank in 2011.   the World Bank predicted that the poverty reduction rate will increase by 1 percentage point in the region and by 0.8 percentage points at the national level.

24. SDG 8: Decent Work & Economic Growth The southwestern region of Bangladesh, which will benefit from the bridge's connectivity, has untapped tourism potential. Improved access to natural attractions, cultural sites, and historical landmarks can drive tourism growth. Tourism is a significant contributor to the economy and can create jobs and generate revenue. As Padma bridge increases connectivity between Dhaka-southern part of Bangladesh, it will streamline trade logistics, boost exports, and attract investment in export-oriented industries. Increased trade can lead to economic growth through expanded markets and higher revenue. The improved connectivity and economic development in the region will lead to job creation across various sectors, including construction, services, and manufacturing.

25. SDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure This improved connectivity reduces transportation costs and time, benefiting various industries by making the movement of goods and people more efficient. The bridge provides a direct and efficient link to the country's main seaport, Mongla . This facilitates international trade by reducing the time and cost of transporting goods The proximity of the Padma Bridge to the Mongla seaport may lead to increased investments in port infrastructure. This can include expanding port facilities, improving cargo-handling capabilities, and enhancing logistics services.

26. SDG 11: Sustainable Cities & Communities The bridge enhances access to essential services such as healthcare, education, and public utilities. People from remote areas can more easily reach urban centers where these services are available, contributing to improved living standards in communities. Its design aims to minimize ecological disruption and protect natural resources in the vicinity, contributing to sustainable environmental practices in communities.

27. SDG 13: Climate Action The Padma Bridge can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by improving transportation efficiency. It may lead to reduced traffic congestion, which in turn can lower fuel consumption and emissions from vehicles idling in traffic. Its construction can contribute to greater resilience by maintaining critical transportation links during extreme weather events, which is vital for climate adaptation efforts.

28. Impact on GDP growth: Improved connectivity: Enhanced connectivity reduces transportation costs and time, making it easier for businesses to move goods and people efficiently. This, in turn, can boost economic activity and contribute to GDP growth.Trade facilitation Economic diversification: The bridge can stimulate economic growth in the southwestern region, promoting the development of various industries, including manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism. This diversification of the economy can contribute to higher GDP by reducing dependence on a few sectors.

29. Tourism Promotion: The southwestern region of Bangladesh is rich in natural beauty, including the Sundarbans mangrove forest and cultural attractions. The bridge improves accessibility to these tourist destinations, attracting more tourists and supporting the tourism industry, which is a direct contributor to GDP. Job Creation: Infrastructure projects like the Padma Bridge create jobs during construction and operation. The employment opportunities generated directly contribute to household incomes and, consequently, consumer spending, which fuels economic growth.

30. Investor Confidence: The completion of a major infrastructure project like the Padma Bridge can boost investor confidence. Foreign and domestic investors may be more inclined to invest in Bangladesh's growing economy, further stimulating economic activity and GDP growth. Increased Industrial and Commercial Activity: The improved transportation infrastructure provided by the bridge can lead to increased industrial and commercial activity along its route and in surrounding areas, contributing to higher production and trade volumes.

31. Rural Development: The bridge can lead to improved access to markets and services for rural areas in the southwestern region. This can stimulate economic development in these areas, raising income levels and contributing to overall GDP growth.

32. Challenges Faced during construction: Siltation: The Padma River carries a large amount of sediment, leading to rapid siltation in the riverbed. This requires constant maintenance to keep the navigation channel open and maintain the bridge's structural integrity. Funding and Financing: The Padma Bridge project is one of the largest infrastructure projects in Bangladesh's history. Securing adequate funding and financing for such a project has been a challenge, and there have been delays in securing loans and international support. Environmental Concerns: Protecting the sensitive ecosystem of the Padma River and its surroundings has been a priority. Balancing infrastructure development with environmental conservation has presented challenges.

33. Corruption Allegations: Allegations of corruption and irregularities in the project procurement process have arisen, leading to investigations and legal issues, which can further delay progress. Geological Challenges: The region's geology, including soft soil and clay, presents engineering challenges for constructing stable foundations and ensuring the long-term structural integrity of the bridge. Logistics and Transportation: The transportation of construction materials, equipment, and labor to remote project sites in the southwestern region has been a logistical challenge. Improved infrastructure is needed to support the project.

34. Conclusion: Conclusion: The Padma Bridge is a transformative infrastructure project in Bangladesh that holds immense significance for the country's economic development, connectivity, and sustainable growth. It is a multipurpose road and rail bridge spanning the Padma River, one of Bangladesh's largest rivers. Padma Bridge is a symbol of Bangladesh's commitment to economic development and improved connectivity. According to last update on 21 st of September, 2023, Padma Bridge authority colleced 1,000 crore tk. So it is easily determined its popularity & the usefulness.

35. Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant Project & its Impact on Sustainable Development Goals and GDP A presentation by : SOMBU KAR Group : 12

36. Learning Objectives Introduction & Overview Why it is important Impact on SDG Impact on GDP

37. INTRODUCTION Biggest mega project in Bangladesh's history .  R- NPP will contribute 10 percent of the country’s total electricity generation by 2030 .  Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission ( BAEC ) has been implementing this project with the help of Rosatom . Budget of the project is estimated to be around $13 (12.65) billion .

38. OVERVIEW Construction began 30 November 2017 Commission date February 2024 Construction cost $12.65 billion Units under const. 2 Units × 1,200 MW (gross) Daily production 2400 megawatts Lifespan 60 years production capacity Min. 50% - Max 90% Construction company Rosatom

39. The project budget for the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant is financed by Russia (90%) and Bangladesh (10%) FINANCING

40. FINANCING CONT. Russia is financing $11.39 billion or 90 percent of this project It has to be paid with interest at the rate of 4 percent  Within 28 years after the implementation of the project Can extend this repayment period up to 10 years

41. IMPORTANCE It will help Bangladesh meet its growing energy needs. It will reduce Bangladesh's reliance on imported fossil fuels. It will create jobs and boost the economy. It will help Bangladesh achieve its sustainable development goals.

42. Sustainable development goals The Rooppur nuclear power plant project will impact the following sustainable development goals:

43. Affordable and clean energy KW/h Raw Material Cost Diesel 28.17 BDT Furnace Oil 13.77 BDT Coal 8.25 BDT Uranium -235 4 to 4.50 BDT COST OF POWER GENERATION The cost of producing power per kilowatt using diesel, furnace oil, and coal is BDT 28.17, 13.77, and 8.25, respectively. Whereas, the cost of producing per kilowatt using Uranium-235 is projected to be around BDT 4-4.50 per unit.

44. Industry, innovation and infrastructure

45. Climate action

46. IMPACT ON GDP CONSUMPTION Expected increase in electricity demand (Metrorail, BRT , etc.). Electricity prices low. INVESTMENT Foreign & Private investments will increase. GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE Explanation of government subsidies for excess capacity. Plan to close rental power plants. NET EXPORT Manufacturing industries and exports based industries will rise. Rise of Export impact GDP Positively

47. Table: Economic Impact of Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant IMPACT ON GDP Cont. Metric Value Change in GDP (2024) $1.4 billion Total Economic Benefit (Lifetime) $99.3 billion Net Economic Benefit (Lifetime) $71.4 billion Marginal Economic Impact (per dollar spent) 3.6 ( Rooppur Power Plant) Expected Benefit (Coal-Based Production) $99.3 billion (same period) Expected Cost (Coal-Based Production) $87.9 billion (50-year period) Expected Net Benefit (Coal-Based Production) $11.4 billion (50-year period) Marginal Impact (per dollar spent, coal) 1.13 (Coal-Based Production)

48. ANY QUERIES ? THANK YOU

49. Dhaka Metro Rail

50. Officially known as the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) The metro rail project will result in annual savings of $2.4bn, or 1.5% of the country's GDP in 2023. It will speed up daily living for more than 15 million people in Dhaka and make commuting easier, which will have a significant beneficial effect on the economy. After completion of all 6 lines, the trains will carry approximately 70,000 people in an hour, saving up to 200 million BDT per year which is 19% of the total tax revenue in Bangladesh and 2% GDP     Overview of the Project

51. Intermodal Integration Public Transport Hubs and Stations Integrated Fare Systems and Ticketing Integration with Existing Transport Systems  

52. Integration with Existing Transport Systems   Intermodal Integration Public Transport Hubs and Stations Integrated Fare Systems and Ticketing Integration with Existing Transport Systems   Intermodal Integration Public Transport Hubs and Stations Integrated Fare Systems and Ticketing The Dhaka Metro Rail system aims to enhance city connectivity by integrating with existing transport systems, providing convenient intermodal transfer options for passengers.

53. Integration with Existing Transport Systems   Intermodal Integration Public Transport Hubs and Stations Integrated Fare Systems and Ticketing Metro rail stations will serve as public transport hubs, offering easy city access and integrating with other modes of transportation like buses, taxis, and non-motorized vehicles .

54. Integration with Existing Transport Systems   Intermodal Integration Public Transport Hubs and Stations Integrated Fare Systems and Ticketing Efforts will be made to establish integrated fare systems and ticketing solutions that allow seamless travel across different modes of transport. This will enhance convenience for passengers and encourage the use of public transportation

55. Economic Impact 01 Job Creation and Employment Opportunities The Dhaka Metro Rail system's construction and operation will generate numerous job opportunities, boost employment rates, stimulate economic growth, and generate income for individuals and businesses 02 Increased Productivity and Efficiency The improved transportation connectivity offered by the metro rail system will result in increased productivity and efficiency for businesses and industries. This is because workers and goods can be transported more quickly and efficiently, reducing wait times and increasing overall output 03 Real Estate Development and Property Value The presence of a metro rail system significantly enhances the value of properties located near the stations. This opens up opportunities for real estate development and investment, leading to economic growth and increased revenue for both the government and private investors. 04 Tourism and Business Opportunities The Dhaka Metro Rail system will attract both domestic and international tourists, thereby promoting the growth of the tourism industry. Additionally, it will create opportunities for business expansion and investment, further stimulating economic development.

56. Economic Impact 01 Job Creation and Economic Opportunities The Dhaka Metro Rail system's construction and operation will generate numerous job opportunities, boost employment rates, stimulate economic growth, and generate income for individuals and businesses 02 Increased Productivity and Efficiency The metro rail system's enhanced transportation connectivity will boost productivity and efficiency in businesses and industries by reducing wait times and increasing overall output. 03 Real Estate Development and Property Value The presence of a metro rail system significantly enhances the value of properties located near the stations. This opens up opportunities for real estate development and investment, leading to economic growth and increased revenue for both the government and private investors. 04 Tourism and Business Opportunities The Dhaka Metro Rail system will attract both domestic and international tourists, thereby promoting the growth of the tourism industry. Additionally, it will create opportunities for business expansion and investment, further stimulating economic development.

57. Economic Impact 01 Job Creation and Economic Opportunities The Dhaka Metro Rail system's construction and operation will generate numerous job opportunities, boost employment rates, stimulate economic growth, and generate income for individuals and businesses 02 Increased Productivity and Efficiency The metro rail system's enhanced transportation connectivity will boost productivity and efficiency in businesses and industries by reducing wait times and increasing overall output. 03 Real Estate Development and Property Value The metro rail system boosts property value near stations, attracting real estate development and investment opportunities, promoting economic growth and increased revenue for government and private investors. . 04 Tourism and Business Opportunities The Dhaka Metro Rail system will attract both domestic and international tourists, thereby promoting the growth of the tourism industry. Additionally, it will create opportunities for business expansion and investment, further stimulating economic development.

58. Economic Impact 01 Job Creation and Economic Opportunities The Dhaka Metro Rail system's construction and operation will generate numerous job opportunities, boost employment rates, stimulate economic growth, and generate income for individuals and businesses 02 Increased Productivity and Efficiency The metro rail system's enhanced transportation connectivity will boost productivity and efficiency in businesses and industries by reducing wait times and increasing overall output. 03 Real Estate Development and Property Value The metro rail system boosts property value near stations, attracting real estate development and investment opportunities, promoting economic growth and increased revenue for government and private investors . 04 Tourism and Business Opportunities The Dhaka Metro Rail system is expected to boost tourism, stimulate business expansion, and attract both domestic and international tourists, thereby boosting economic development.

59. Impact on Sustainable Development Reduced Traffic Congestion and Emissions The Dhaka Metro Rail system is set to significantly reduce traffic congestion and emissions, promoting sustainable transportation and a cleaner, greener environment through electric-powered trains . Employment Opportunities The construction and operation of the metro rail system will create employment opportunities for a wide range of skilled and unskilled workers. This will have a positive impact on the local economy and contribute to poverty reduction . Improved Access to Education and Healthcare The metro rail system will enhance accessibility to educational and healthcare facilities, particularly for residents living in areas with limited transportation options. This will contribute to the overall development and well-being of the population. Reduced Traffic Congestion and Emissions The implementation of the Dhaka Metro Rail system will lead to a significant reduction in traffic congestion and emissions. The use of electric-powered trains and the promotion of sustainable modes of transportation will contribute to a cleaner and greener environment 02 03 04 01

60. Impact on Sustainable Development Reduced Traffic Congestion and Emissions The Dhaka Metro Rail system is set to significantly reduce traffic congestion and emissions, promoting sustainable transportation and a cleaner, greener environment through electric-powered trains Employment Opportunities The construction and operation of the metro rail system will create employment opportunities for a wide range of skilled and unskilled workers. This will have a positive impact on the local economy and contribute to poverty reduction . Improved Access to Education and Healthcare The metro rail system will improve accessibility to educational and healthcare facilities, especially for those with limited transportation options, thereby enhancing population development and well-being.   Reduced Traffic Congestion and Emissions The implementation of the Dhaka Metro Rail system will lead to a significant reduction in traffic congestion and emissions. The use of electric-powered trains and the promotion of sustainable modes of transportation will contribute to a cleaner and greener environment 02 03 04 01

61. Impact on Sustainable Development Reduced Traffic Congestion and Emissions The Dhaka Metro Rail system is set to significantly reduce traffic congestion and emissions, promoting sustainable transportation and a cleaner, greener environment through electric-powered trains Employment Opportunities Construction and operation of the metro rail system will create jobs for both skilled and unskilled employees, having a favorable effect on the local economy and reducing poverty.   Improved Access to Education and Healthcare The metro rail system will improve accessibility to educational and healthcare facilities, especially for those with limited transportation options, thereby enhancing population development and well-being.   Reduced Traffic Congestion and Emissions The implementation of the Dhaka Metro Rail system will lead to a significant reduction in traffic congestion and emissions. The use of electric-powered trains and the promotion of sustainable modes of transportation will contribute to a cleaner and greener environment 02 03 04 01

62. Impact on Sustainable Development Reduced Traffic Congestion and Emissions The Dhaka Metro Rail system is set to significantly reduce traffic congestion and emissions, promoting sustainable transportation and a cleaner, greener environment through electric-powered trains Employment Opportunities Construction and operation of the metro rail system will create jobs for both skilled and unskilled employees, having a favorable effect on the local economy and reducing poverty . Improved Access to Education and Healthcare The metro rail system will improve accessibility to educational and healthcare facilities, especially for those with limited transportation options, thereby enhancing population development and well-being. Enhanced Livability and Quality of Life The metro rail system in Dhaka aims to enhance livability and quality of life by providing faster, safer, and more reliable transportation options.   . 02 03 04 01

63. Environmental Benefits of Dhaka Metro Rail Projects 04 Urban Noise Reduction Metro rail systems are known for their quieter operation compared to road-based transportation. The implementation of Dhaka Metro Rail Projects will contribute to the reduction of urban noise pollution, creating a more peaceful and pleasant urban environment for residents. 03 Preservation of Natural Resources By providing an efficient and reliable transportation alternative, metro rail projects help reduce the dependency on private vehicles. This results in lower fuel consumption and decreased strain on natural resources, such as fossil fuels, contributing to long-term environmental conservation 02 Green Initiatives Sustainability measures, such as the use of renewable energy sources and energy-efficient technologies, are being implemented in the design and operation of metro rail projects. These initiatives minimize the environmental impact and carbon footprint of the transportation system, promoting a greener and more sustainable future residents. 01 Reduced Air Pollution Dhaka Metro Rail Projects promote public transportation, reducing air pollution and improving the city's overall well-being by encouraging cleaner and healthier transportation options.  

64. Environmental Benefits of Dhaka Metro Rail Projects 04 Urban Noise Reduction Metro rail systems are known for their quieter operation compared to road-based transportation. The implementation of Dhaka Metro Rail Projects will contribute to the reduction of urban noise pollution, creating a more peaceful and pleasant urban environment for residents. 03 Preservation of Natural Resources By providing an efficient and reliable transportation alternative, metro rail projects help reduce the dependency on private vehicles. This results in lower fuel consumption and decreased strain on natural resources, such as fossil fuels, contributing to long-term environmental conservation 02 Green Initiatives Metro rail projects are incorporating sustainability measures like renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies to reduce environmental impact and carbon footprint, promoting a greener future.   01 Reduced Air Pollution Dhaka Metro Rail Projects promote public transportation, reducing air pollution and improving the city's overall well-being by encouraging cleaner and healthier transportation options.

65. Environmental Benefits of Dhaka Metro Rail Projects 04 Urban Noise Reduction Metro rail systems are known for their quieter operation compared to road-based transportation. The implementation of Dhaka Metro Rail Projects will contribute to the reduction of urban noise pollution, creating a more peaceful and pleasant urban environment for residents. 03 Preservation of Natural Resources Metro rail projects offer efficient, reliable transportation, reducing private vehicle dependency, reducing fuel consumption, and reducing strain on natural resources, contributing to long-term environmental conservation.   . 02 Green Initiatives Metro rail projects are incorporating sustainability measures like renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies to reduce environmental impact and carbon footprint, promoting a greener future. 01 Reduced Air Pollution Dhaka Metro Rail Projects promote public transportation, reducing air pollution and improving the city's overall well-being by encouraging cleaner and healthier transportation options.

66. Environmental Benefits of Dhaka Metro Rail Projects 04 Urban Noise Reduction Dhaka Metro Rail Projects aim to reduce urban noise pollution, promoting a more peaceful and pleasant environment for residents 03 Preservation of Natural Resources Metro rail projects offer efficient, reliable transportation, reducing private vehicle dependency, reducing fuel consumption, and reducing strain on natural resources, contributing to long-term environmental conservation. 02 Green Initiatives Metro rail projects are incorporating sustainability measures like renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies to reduce environmental impact and carbon footprint, promoting a greener future. 01 Reduced Air Pollution Dhaka Metro Rail Projects promote public transportation, reducing air pollution and improving the city's overall well-being by encouraging cleaner and healthier transportation options.

67. Specific SDG Goals Achievable with Dhaka Metro The Dhaka Metro will improve transportation infrastructure and promote innovation, aligning with SDG Goal 9. By reducing traffic congestion and air pollution, the project will contribute to creating sustainable cities and communities as per SDG Goal 11. The Dhaka Metro will help reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change, supporting SDG Goal 13.

68. Specific SDG Goals Achievable with Dhaka Metro The Dhaka Metro will improve transportation infrastructure and promote innovation, aligning with SDG Goal 9. By reducing traffic congestion and air pollution, the project will contribute to creating sustainable cities and communities as per SDG Goal 11. The Dhaka Metro will help reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change, supporting SDG Goal 13.

69. Specific SDG Goals Achievable with Dhaka Metro The Dhaka Metro will improve transportation infrastructure and promote innovation, aligning with SDG Goal 9. By reducing traffic congestion and air pollution, the project will contribute to creating sustainable cities and communities as per SDG Goal 11. The Dhaka Metro will help reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change, supporting SDG Goal 13.

70. A mass transit system is a great, democratic equalizer and socializer that breaks down the segregation of different social classes travelling on the roads, bringing them together in a shared system of mobility. Expert Opinion Khaleed Ashraf, Director general, Bengal Institute for Architecture

71. The Dhaka Metro Rail project, despite its potential for significant GDP and quality of life improvements, requires careful planning, coordination, and monitoring for successful implementation. Conclusion

72. PURBACHAL NEW TOWN Sadman Akib Tanvir ID 013

73. PURBACHAL NEW TOWN Sadman Akib Tanvir ID 013 Purbachal New Town Project is the biggest planned township in Bangladesh Dhaka is one of the most densely populated cities in the world, and its population is growing rapidly. The Purbachal New Town Project will provide much-needed housing and other facilities for people in Dhaka and the surrounding areas. Purbachal New Town Project is also seen as a way to create a new and modern capital city for Bangladesh. Purbachal is located just outside of Dhaka, and it is hoped that it will eventually develop into a new administrative and commercial center for the country.

74. The Purbachal New Town project is estimated to create over 1 million jobs and generate over 2% of Bangladesh's GDP per year once it is completed. IMPACT ON GDP

75. The Purbachal New Town project is expected to have a significant impact on Bangladesh's GDP. The project is estimated to create over 1 million jobs and generate over 2% of Bangladesh's GDP per year once it is completed. Foreign Investment The project is also expected to attract foreign investment and boost the real estate sector Experts estimate that the project will generate over $10 billion in foreign investment and add over $20 billion to the Bangladesh real estate market. IMPACT ON GDP

76. Increased job creation The project is expected to create over 1 million jobs during construction and operation. This will help to reduce unemployment and increase incomes Foreign Investment The project is also expected to attract foreign investment and boost the real estate sector It is estimated that the project will generate over $10 billion in foreign investment and add over $20 billion to the Bangladesh real estate market. IMPACT ON GDP

77. Increased job creation The project is expected to create over 1 million jobs during construction and operation. This will help to reduce unemployment and increase incomes Increased tax revenue The megaproject is expected to generate significant tax revenue from the new businesses and residents of Purbachal. This revenue can be used to invest in other development projects and improve public services. IMPACT ON GDP

78. Tourism and Recreation Tourism and Recreation Purbachal's well-planned recreational areas, parks, and cultural facilities have the potential to attract tourists. The tourism industry can significantly contribute to the GDP of Bangladesh by generating revenue from accommodation, food services, transportation, and other related businesses. Additionally, a vibrant cultural scene and recreational opportunities can enhance the overall quality of life for residents Increased tax revenue The government is expected to generate significant tax revenue from the new businesses and residents of Purbachal. This revenue can be used to invest in other development projects and improve public services. IMPACT ON GDP

79. Tourism and Recreation Tourism and Recreation Purbachal's well-planned recreational areas, parks, and cultural facilities have the potential to attract tourists. The tourism industry can significantly contribute to the GDP of Bangladesh by generating revenue from accommodation, food services, transportation, and other related businesses. Additionally, a vibrant cultural scene and recreational opportunities can enhance the overall quality of life for residents Overall, the Purbachal New Town project is expected to have a positive impact on Bangladesh's GDP. The project is expected to increase investment, create jobs, generate tax revenue, and boost productivity. IMPACT ON GDP

80. It is being built by maintaining proper urbanization methods, The land allocation of the city is - Purbachal will reduce the pressure of excessive population from Dhaka city . It is being built by maintaining proper urbanization methods thus achieving sustainable development goals. Achieving • Residential Plots - 38.74% • Road network - 25.9% • Physical & social infrastructure - 3.04% • Lake - 7.1% • Administrative and commercial plots - 6.41% • Education & institution - 6% • Neighborhood/play field -2.5%

81. Achieving Underground common duct system will be implemented. This duct will provide- Stable power supply Steady water supply Uninterrupted communications.

82. Achieving The outside of all buildings shall be made of solar glass. The photovoltaic glass will absorb the sunlight that will be transferred into energy. This energy will be used to power the buildings. This will reduce the dependency on fossil fuel energy thus achieving the 7 th and 13 th of the SDG.

83. Achieving The city will have wireless charging- public busses. The magnetic field generated from electrical wires embedded under the road will be retrieved by a collector installed at the bottom of the bus . This will be converted into electric energy. Electric Busses

84. Criticism

85. While these criticisms exist, supporters of the project often argue that it can also bring economic opportunities, improved infrastructure, and better living conditions to the region. Public opinion on large-scale urban development projects like Purbachal New Town can be highly polarized, with varying perspectives on their overall impact. Conclusion

86. 3 rd Terminal In Dhaka Airport

87. A brief introduction to the mega project . Introduction 01 An overview on the purpose & scope of the project and how the project came to be Overview 02 Give a brief idea about the structure & facilities of the terminal 03 Discussing the impact on sustainable development . Impact on SDG 04 Discussing the impact on the overall GDP of the country Impact on GDP 05 Contents Structure

88. 01 The Construction of the 3rd terminal of Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport in Dhaka is one of the ongoing megaprojects in Bangladesh. The airport’s third terminal, which has been under construction since 2019 at around 213 billion BDT, is expected to become operational by the next month . Introduction

89. The airport has even emerged as the ninth worst airport in Asia regarding passenger service. However, the new terminal is expected to play a significant role in the country’s trade and commerce besides providing international standard facilities and amenities to local and international passengers.

90. 02 In 2014 the aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB) conducted a feasibility study on the 3rd Terminal at Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport in Dhaka. According to that study, Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport can handle 8 million passengers annually Overview

91. But the annual passenger traffic is expected to increase to 140 million by 2025 and reach 250 million by 2035. As a result, the existing airport is being expanded to accommodate additional passengers

92. Construction of the 3rd terminal at Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport started in 2019 with the joint funding of the Bangladesh Government and JICA at the cost of  213 Billion BDT

93. 03 A three story terminal building covering an area of ​​ 542,000 square meters is being constructed. The building has an area of ​​230,000 square meters per floor, serving 12 million passengers annually Structure

94. For aircraft parking , apron parking is being constructed to accommodate 37 aircraft in an area of ​​230,000 square meters of this terminal

95. 04 Despite being eonomically profitable we also have to consider it ensures balance economic, environmental, and social dimensions Impact on Sustainable development

96. Improved Infrastructure benefiting not only the airport but also the surrounding region and aligning with developmental sustainability goals Environmental Considerations Sustainable construction practices can minimize environmental impact, aligning with ecological sustainability. Community Benefits Provide benefits to the local community through better facilities, employment opportunities, and enhanced quality of life Economic Growth By attracting more airlines, increasing tourism, and facilitating trade Job Creation create numerous job opportunities in various sectors, such as aviation, hospitality, and retail, enhancing social sustainability . Enhanced Connectivity . Will give easy access to countries all over the world and increase foreign tourist Sustainable Development

97. 05 The construction of the Third Terminal at Dhaka Airport is expected to have a significant impact on the GDP of Bangladesh Impact on GDP

98. Impact On GDP According to the authorities concerned, once the third terminal is operational, the volume of aircraft movement will increase several times. And if the amount of aircraft movement grows, the number of passengers traveling by air through this main airport of Bangladesh will also increase

99. Cargo Handling Increase in Handling Capacity : The current cargo handling capacity at Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport is limited to 2 lakh TEU (Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units), while the Chittagong seaport handles 40 lakh TEU . The new terminal aims to address this gap by significantly increasing cargo handling capacity New Cargo Villages : The new terminal includes separate cargo villages for imports and exports, with a total area of 63,000 square meters . These villages will provide modern facilities for cargo handling and storage, reducing delays and improving efficiency Reduction in Clearance Time : Modern equipment and automation are expected to streamline the import and export processes, reducing the time required for clearance of goods and improving overall logistics

100. Cargo Handling(cont.) Preservation of Perishables : The new terminal will have air-conditioned warehouses, allowing for the storage of perishable goods without quality loss. This is particularly important for the export of fruits and vegetables, which are currently exposed to the open air for extended periods Positive Economic Impact : The improved cargo handling facilities and increased trade potential are expected to have a positive impact on the country's economy, boosting both domestic and foreign trade. It is anticipated that the airport's income will also increase as the volume of goods transported by air rises Trade and Commerce Boost : According to BGMEA Vice President Shahidullah Azim, the third terminal will open new possibilities for trade and commerce in Bangladesh. It will support the growth of exports, imports, and both domestic and foreign investment, further boosting the country's economy

101. Through landing fees, taxes, and service charges, contributing to government revenue and potentially funding other projects Revenue Increase Enhances the country's competitiveness in the region, attracting foreign investments Competitivenes An improved airport can attract more tourists, contributing to the hospitality and service sectors Tourism Growth A modern terminal can streamline import and export processes, benefiting businesses and GDP . Trade Boost New businesses may emerge around the airport, leading to increased economic diversification Business Oportunities Impact On GDP

102. Thank You For Your Patience!