GROUP 3 POLITICAL LIBERALISM AND INTERNATIONAL AND LOCAL SITUATION.pptx

contemporary world

1. POLITICAL LIBERALISM GROUP 3 Ma’am Raizza Dilao THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

2. POLITICAL LIBERALISM Liberalism is a political ideology that emphasizes individual rights, liberty, and limited government. It asserts that people have inherent rights (life, liberty, property) and that government’s role is to protect these rights. Liberalism also advocates for free markets, free trade, and the rule of law, with minimal government interference. It has significantly shaped modern democratic systems and is linked to individualism, progress, and Enlightenment ideals. POLITICAL LIBERALISM

3. POLITICAL LIBERALISM Origins: Traces back to the 18th-century Enlightenment, where thinkers like John Locke (rights to life, liberty, and property) and Adam Smith (free markets) laid the groundwork. French Revolution (1789): A major event promoting liberal ideas like liberty, equality, and fraternity. 19th & 20th centuries: Liberalism influenced the development of democratic systems in Europe and North America, though it faced challenges from ideologies like conservatism and socialism. HISTORY OF LIBERALISM

4. POLITICAL LIBERALISM CLASSICAL TYPES OF LIBERALISM MODERN

5. POLITICAL LIBERALISM CLASSICAL LIBERALISM Classical liberalism, dominant in the 17th-19th centuries, emphasizes individual liberty, limited government, free markets, and civil rights, viewing government intervention negatively.

6. POLITICAL LIBERALISM MODERN LIBERALISM Modern liberalism, or social liberalism, arose after the Great Depression and advocates for greater government intervention to promote social justice, welfare programs, and economic regulation, alongside civil liberties.

7. POLITICAL LIBERALISM 4 STRANDS OF LIBERAL THOUGHTS

8. POLITICAL LIBERALISM SOCIOLOGICAL LIBERALISM Sociological liberalism argues that international relations are not only shaped by governments. Instead, the everyday connections between people, communities, and organizations across borders are just as important.

9. POLITICAL LIBERALISM The idea of institutional liberalism is that strong institutions such as governments and courts play a key role in protecting people’s freedoms and making sure everyone is treated fairly. By setting clear rules and maintaining order, these institutions help society work smoothly and keep peace. INSTITUTIONAL LIBERALISM

10. POLITICAL LIBERALISM Interdependence liberalism is a concept in international relations that emphasizes the mutual benefits and interconnectedness of nations in the global economy. It suggests that countries are increasingly dependent on each other for trade investment, and other economic activities which can lead to cooperation and peace INTERDEPENDENCE LIBERALISM

11. POLITICAL LIBERALISM Interdependence liberalism argues that this interconnectedness can reduce conflict and promote peace, as countries have a vested interest in maintaining stable and cooperative relationships.

12. POLITICAL LIBERALISM Republican liberalism blends liberal and republican ideals, emphasizing individual freedom, equality, and civic participation. It supports democracy, rule of law, and checks on power to prevent tyranny. The theory also promotes international cooperation, believing democratic states are less likely to engage in war, aiming to balance personal liberty and collective welfare. REPUBLICAN LIBERALISM

13. POLITICAL LIBERALISM States have republican governments where leaders are accountable to the people. Nations build economic interdependence through trade, making war costly. There are international laws and organizations that regulate conflicts. REPUBLICAN LIBERALISM

14. POLITICAL LIBERALISM 2 SITUATIONS WHERE WHERE LIBERALISM ARE APPLIED

15. POLITICAL LIBERALISM An Overview of Local Liberalism in the Philippines- Liberalism in the Philippines is a political philosophy with deep historical roots, evolving from a force for colonial resistance to a contemporary movement advocating for social and political reform. Its origins can be traced to the late 19th century, a period when Filipino intellectuals, known as the ilustrados, began to challenge Spanish colonial authority. LOCAL LIBERALISM

16. POLITICAL LIBERALISM Historical Foundations The ilustrados, a class of educated Filipinos, were the pioneers of liberal thought in the country. Figures such as Jose Rizal championed principles of individual liberty, freedom of speech, and a free press. Their activism and writings laid the ideological groundwork for the Filipino nationalist movement and the eventual declaration of the First Philippine Republic. Although this republic was short-lived, it was fundamentally a liberal project, striving to establish a government based on democratic ideals and individual rights. LOCAL LIBERALISM

17. POLITICAL LIBERALISM In the modern era, the liberal project faces a degree of disillusionment. However, organizations like the Center for Liberalism and Democracy (CLD) continue to actively promote liberal values. Through publications, discussions, and various public engagements, the CLD works to advance a contemporary liberal agenda that includes: LOCAL LIBERALISM

18. POLITICAL LIBERALISM Human rights: Upholding and protecting the fundamental rights and dignity of all individuals. Social equity: Working to reduce inequality and ensure fair opportunities for everyone. Inclusive deliberation: Promoting open dialogue and civic participation in addressing national issues. In essence, while the term "liberalism" may have a complex history in the Philippines, its core tenets of liberty, human rights, and democratic governance remain a powerful force, continuously shaping political discourse and civil society. LOCAL LIBERALISM

19. POLITICAL LIBERALISM INTERNATIONAL LIBERALISM Political Liberalism – Background and History Enlightenment Roots (17th–18th century Europe): Thinkers like John Locke and Montesquieu promoted ideas of liberty, democracy, and human rights, challenging monarchies and shaping modern governments. Global Spread: Liberal ideas spread worldwide through revolutions (American and French Revolutions) and later through institutions like the United Nations and international treaties after World War II.

20. POLITICAL LIBERALISM INTERNATIONAL LIBERALISM Why the Philippines Got Political Liberalism Internationally Colonial Influence: From Spain, Filipino reformists learned European liberal ideas; later, the U.S. introduced democratic systems, constitutions, and education. Global Participation: As a member of the United Nations and ASEAN, the Philippines adopted liberal values like democracy, international cooperation, and protection of human rights.

21. POLITICAL LIBERALISM IMPORTANCE OF LIBERALISM

22. POLITICAL LIBERALISM Liberalism emphasizes human rights, freedom of speech, religion, and expression. It ensures that individuals are protected from abuse of power by the state or other groups. PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS EXAMPLE: FREEDOM OF SPEECH ABOUT STUDENTS FREEDOM OF RELIGION ABOUT CATHOLIC, IGLESIA NI CRISTO, MUSLIM, AND CHRISTIAN GROUPS FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IT INCLUDES ART, WRITING, MEDIA, FASHION AND SOCIAL MEDIA

23. POLITICAL LIBERALISM Liberal ideas are the foundation of democratic systems, where people have the right to vote, participate in governance, and hold leaders accountable. PROMOTION OF DEMOCRACY EXAMPLE: PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION 1986 DURING THE 2022 NATIONAL ELECTIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

24. POLITICAL LIBERALISM Liberalism supports equality before the law. No one is above the law, whether rich powerful or in government. RULE OF LAW EXAMPLE: THE PLUNDER CASE OF FORMER PRESIDENT JOSEPH ESTRADA 2001 & 2007 PHARMALLY SCANDAL 2024

25. POLITICAL LIBERALISM It encourages free markets and fair competition allowing individuals to innovate trade, and pursue economic opportunities. ECONOMIC FREEDOM EXAMPLE: SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS AND ONLINE SELLING STREET FOOD AND LOCAL STORES

26. POLITICAL LIBERALISM Liberalism pushes for reforms such as gender equality, education for all, and protection of minority rights. SOCIAL PROGRESS EXAMPLE: MAGNA CARTA OF WOMEN (REPUBLIC ACT 9710) FREE EDUCATION IN STATE UNIVERSITIES (10931) MAGNA CARTA FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (RA 7277)

27. POLITICAL LIBERALISM THANK YOU!