Group 5 - Parts and Functions of Television_20251006_212911_0000.pdf

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1. P
arts &
P
arts &
P
arts &
P
arts &F
unctions
F
unctions F
unctions
F
unctions Of Television

2. OvjecticesOvjecticesObjectivesObjectivesTo identify the main parts of both modern and old televisions. To understand how the TV produces images and sound. To compare modern TVs with Old CRT TVs. To explain each part and it's functions.

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4. A. Display and Visual System M
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionDisplay Panel – shows the final
image to the viewer. It’s made of
millions of tiny pixels that
change color and brightness. Backlight Unit (LEDs or CCFL in
older LCDs) – provides a white
light source behind the LCD
panel, since liquid crystals
cannot emit light on their own. Diffuser Sheet – spreads light
evenly so the whole screen has
the same brightness.

5. A. Display and Visual System M
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionPolarizer Films – filters light to
control angles and prevent
glare, allowing only properly
oriented light through. Liquid Crystal Layer (LCD TVs) –
twists or blocks light at each
pixel when electric current is
applied, creating dark and
bright areas. Color Filters (Red, Green, Blue) –
assign color to each pixel. When
combined, these subpixels form
millions of colors.

6. A. Display and Visual System M
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionOLED Layer (in OLED TVs) –
pixels generate their own light
and color directly, removing the
need for a backlight and giving
deeper blacks. T-Con (Timing Control) Board –
controls how and when each
pixel changes, synchronizing the
panel with video signals for
smooth playback.

7. B. Audio System M
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionSpeakers – convert
electrical audio signals
into sound waves. Tweeters – handle
high-pitched
sounds (treble). Woofers – handle low-
pitched sounds (bass).

8. B. Audio System M
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionAudio Amplifier – boosts weak
audio signals into powerful
ones to drive the speakers. Audio Processing Chip – processes
sound formats (Dolby, DTS,
Surround), balances left/right
audio, and manages sound modes.

9. C. Input & Signal Processing M
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionTuner (Digital/Analog) –
receives over-the-air
broadcast signals and
separates them into audio
and video streams. Demodulator – extracts
usable signals from
broadcast frequencies (e.g.,
separates picture from
noise). Decoder / Video Processor –
converts compressed video
(MPEG, HEVC, etc.) into
images. It also handles
resolution scaling (SD → HD
→ 4K/8K).

10. C. Input & Signal Processing M
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionHDMI Ports – receive high-
definition digital video and
audio from external devices
like game consoles, PCs, and
DVD players. USB Ports – read files
(movies, pictures, music),
power small devices, and
allow software updates. AV Inputs (RCA/Component)
– allow older devices like
VCD/DVD players or
camcorders to connect.

11. C. Input & Signal Processing M
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionEthernet Port / Wi-Fi
Module – connect the TV to
the internet for streaming
and updates. Bluetooth Module –
connects wireless
headphones, speakers,
keyboards, or remotes. Optical Audio Out / 3.5mm
Jack – send audio to external
speakers, amplifiers, or
soundbars.

12. D. Control & User Interface M
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionBluetooth Receiver (for
smart remotes/voice
control) – enables advanced
controls like voice search or
cursor movement. Remote Control –
lets users operate
the TV from a
distance. IR Sensor (Infrared
Receiver) – detects
signals from the remote
and sends commands to
the main board.

13. D. Control & User Interface M
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionControl Buttons (Power, Volume,
Channel, Menu) – physical buttons
as backup controls. Operating System & Firmware (in
Flash Memory) – controls all software
functions of the Smart TV, including
apps, streaming services, and
settings.

14. E. Internal Boards M
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionMain Board (Motherboard) –
the central hub that manages
signal processing,
inputs/outputs, audio, and
video operations. Power Supply Board –
converts AC power from
the wall into low-voltage
DC power for the TV’s
circuits. Inverter Board (older LCDs)
– provides power to CCFL
backlights.

15. E. Internal Boards M
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionWi-Fi/Bluetooth
Board – manages
wireless
communication. LED Driver Board –
regulates voltage to LED
backlights, controlling
brightness and dimming
zones. T-Con Board – ensures
pixels refresh correctly in
sync with the video frame
rate.

16. F. Mechanical & Support Plans M
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionCasing / Cabinet – protects the
internal parts and gives the TV
its shape. Stand / Wall Mount
Bracket – supports TV
placement.

17. F. Mechanical & Support Plans M
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionM
odern TelevisionCooling System (Vents, Heat Sink,
Fans in larger models) –zzzzsz
removes heat to prevent damage
and improve lifespan. Wiring / Connectors / Ribbon
Cables – carry power and data
signals between circuit boards
and the display.

18. A. Display System O
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionCathode Ray Tube (CRT) –
large glass tube where
images are formed. Electron Gun – fires a beam
of electrons at the
phosphor screen. Deflection Coils – steer the
electron beam horizontally
and vertically to “paint” the
picture line by line.

19. A. Display System O
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionPhosphor Screen – glows
when struck by electrons,
creating visible images. Shadow Mask / Aperture Grill –
ensures each electron beam hits the
correct color phosphor dot (red,
green, blue).

20. B. Power and Supply O
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionPower Supply Unit –
converts AC into required
voltages for circuits and
CRT operation. Flyback Transformer – produces
extremely high voltage (15kV–
30kV) needed to accelerate
electrons inside the CRT. Horizontal & Vertical
Oscillators – control
how fast the electron
beam sweeps across the
screen.

21. B. Power and Supply O
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionTuner – receives radio-
frequency TV broadcasts. IF Section (Intermediate
Frequency Amplifier) –
amplifies and filters TV signals
for clearer sound and picture. Demodulator –
separates the picture
(video) and sound
(audio) from the TV
signal.

22. C. Audio O
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionAudio Amplifier – increases
the strength of the sound
signal. Speakers – convert amplified
electrical signals into sound
waves.

23. D. Control Housing O
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionO
ld C R T TelevisionKnobs / Buttons (Power, Volume,
Channel, Brightness, Contrast, Color,
Vertical Hold, Horizontal Hold) –
allow manual adjustment. Remote Control & IR
Sensor – introduced in
later CRTs for wireless
control. Casing / Cabinet – large,
heavy housing that holds
the CRT and electronics.