Group 5 Pidgin and Creole.ppt. work about sociolinguistics

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1. Pidgins and creoles
Languages
Presenters:MaiqueHilario
Nova,EvelinaIldaMahala
DeoclecianoBoaventuraAmade

2. Pidgins and creoles
Languages
Introduction
Pidginsandcreolesarenewlanguagesthatdevelopwhen
speakersofdifferentlanguagescomeintocontactwith
eachotherandhaveaneedtocommunicate
Pidginandcreoleareemergedlanguagesinneedof
communicationamongpeoplewhodon’thavesingle
languagetouse–e.g.amongplantationpeoplewhocame
fromdifferentgeographicorigins,Jeff(2008)

3. Objectives
•General Objective
Understand the concepts of Pidgin and creole.
•Specific Objective
Understand the difference between pidgin and creole
Understand the similarities between p/c
Understand Pidgin and Creole Formation language
Understand the Characteristics of Pidgins and Creoles
Languages.

4. Pidgins and creoles
Languages
Pidgins

5. Pidgins and creoles
Languages
•PIDGIN
Agrammaticallysimplifiedasmeansof
communicationthatdevelopsbetweentwoormore
groupsthatdonothavealanguageincommon
Asimplifiedlanguagemadeupofpartsoftwoor
morelanguageswhosenativelanguagesare
different

6. Pidgins and creoles
Languages
Bickerton(1984).Pidginisatypeofsimplified
languagewhichcameintoexistenceasaresultof
contactbetweentwoormorelanguagesinorderto
findameansofcommunication.Thissituation
mostlyoccursintrade,plantationandcolonization.
Pidginissaidtobelanguagewithsimplified
syntax,wordorderetc.

7. Pidgins and creoles
Languages
Bickerton(1984).PidginsItisnotanativeto
anyonebutlearntasasecondlanguagebymany
people.
Pidginisalanguagesystemthatdeveloped
amongpeoplethatdon‟thavecommonlanguage
toshare,itisalanguageofcontactsituationwhere
thereisnocommonlanguagetouse.Todd(1974
p.1).

8. Pidgins and creoles
Languages
Creole
Usuallystartsasapidgin,theyarisebecausethe
needforalinguafranca
Ifthatlanguagesurvivesandbecomesthenative
languageofthenextgeneration,thenitnowa
creolelanguage

9. Pidgins and creoles
Languages
Creole
Creoleisanaturallanguagemixedfromtwo
differentlanguagesanditsbecamenative
language.Thevocabularyisverysimilarity
totheoriginallanguagebutthegrammaris
moresimplerthantheiroriginallanguage.

10. Pidgins and creoles
Languages
Creole
Acreoleisanaturalizedstablelanguagethat
cameintoexistencethroughmixedparent
languages,(Itisalanguagethatdevelopedor
derivedfrompidgin.Mufwene(2001).
Creoleintegratescharacteristicsfromtheallthe
parentlanguagestoestablishthemothertongueof
acommunity

11. The difference between
Pidgins and creoles
Asdemonstratedbytheabovedefinitions,pidgins
andcreolesdosharesomecharacteristics.
However,theyaretheirowndistinctentitiesand
thereforehavedifferences.
Thedifferencebetweenapidginlanguageanda
creolelanguageisthatpeopleusepidginasa
secondlanguageandpeoplewhospeakcreole
usethelanguageasprimaryandnativelanguage

12. The difference between
Pidgins and creoles
Pidginsarenotspokenasanativelanguagebyany
country,whereasmanycountrieshavecreolesthat
arenativelanguages
Pidginshaveverybasicgrammar,whereascreoles
havemuchmorecomplexandfullgrammar.
Pidginstendtohavelimitedvocabularies,whereas
creolesaremuchmoreextended.
Pidginsareconsideredreducedformsofother
languages,whereascreoleshavedevelopedinto
fully-fledgedlanguagesoftheirown.

13. Similarities between P/C
Pidginsandcreoleshavemanysimilaritieswithastandard
languagebuttheyaresimplifiedintermsofmorphology
andphonology.
Morphology:pidginsandcreolesbothtendtohave
simplifiedgrammaticalstructurescomparedtotheirto
parentlanguages.Theyhavereducedinflectionalsystems
andsimplerwordformationprocess.
Phonological Simplification:Reductionof
consonantsclustersorsimplificationofvowels–this
simplificationcanresultfromspeaker`sattemptsto
accommodatethephoneticcharacteristicsofmultiple
languages.

14. Similarities between P/C
Borrowing:Bothtypesoflanguage
oftenborrowvocabularyfromthelanguage
incontact.Thisborrowingcanoccurfrom
multiplelanguagesandmayresultina
mixedlexiconthatdrawsfromvarious
linguisticsources.(Wardhaugh2006:67).

15. Differences Between P/C
Origin: pidgins typically arise as a means of
communication between speakers of different
languages, while Creoles develop from pidgins when
they become the native language of community.
Complexity: Pidgins are simpler and more
limited in vocabulary and grammar compared to
creoles,having become the primary language of a
community, tend tto have more complexgrammar and a
larger vocabulary(Wardhaugh 2006: 67).

16. Differences Between P/C
Function:pidgins are primarly used for trade
or limited interaction bwtween speakers of
different languages, while creoles are fully
developed language used for all aspects of
communicaton within a community.
To sum up creoles represent developed
and stable form of communication compared
to pidgins Bloomfield (1994: 472)

17. Pidgin and Creole Formation
Pidgin formation generally involves some
kind of ‘simplification’ of a language, for
example, reduction in morphology (word
structure) and syntax (grammatical
structure),
Tolerance of considerable phonological
variation (pronunciation),
reduction in the number of functions for
which the pidgin is used. (Bickerton1977,
1983)

18. Pidgin and Creole Formation
(e.g., you usually do not attempt to write
novels in a pidgin),
Extensive borrowing of words from local
mother tongues.
‘so-called pidginizationis really a complex
combination of different processes of
change, including reduction and
simplification of input materials. (Bickerton
1977, 1983)

19. Pidgin and Creole Formation
Creole formation involves expansion of the
morphology and syntax,
Regularization of the phonology;
Increase in the number of functions in
which the language is used;
Development of a larger vocabulary;
(Bickerton1977, 1983)

20. Social and Demographic Factors
inCreoleFormation
Colonialism and Slavery: Creole languages
often emerged in regions where European
colonial powers imposed their languages on
indigenous populations or imported slaves
from diverse linguistic backgrounds.
The forced mixing of languages led to the
development of pidgin and eventually
creole languages among the descendants
of these populations. Bakker (2008, 146),

21. Social and Demographic
Factors inCreoleFormation
Language Contact: Contact between
speakers of different languages is essential
for the development of creoles.
The contact can occur through trade,
colonization, slavery, or migration;
Communities with different linguistic
backgrounds interaction; Bakker (2008,
146)

22. Social and Demographic
Factors inCreoleFormation
Social Segregation: Social segregation,
such as the separation of different ethnic or
linguistic groups within a society, can
contribute to the emergence of creole
languages;
When communities are isolated from each
other, they may develop distinct linguistic
varieties that eventually merge and evolve
into creoles when they come into contact.

23. Social and Demographic
Factors inCreoleFormation
Naturalization of Pidgins:Pidginlanguages
serve as initial contact languages between
speakers of different languages;
When pidgin languages become the
primary means of communication within a
community, they undergo naturalization,
leading to the development of creole
languages with more complex grammar
and vocabulary.

24. Social and Demographic
Factors inCreoleFormation
Demographic Shifts: Demographic
changes, such as population movements,
urbanization, and intermarriage, can also
influence creole formation;
These shifts can lead to increased
language contact and the emergence of
new linguistic varieties as communities
adapt to their changing social and
demographic circumstances Bakker (2008,
146)

25. Geographical distribution of
pidgin and creole Language.
•Pidgin English: Found in many former
British colonies such as Nigeria, Ghana,
Papua New Guinea, and parts of the
Caribbean.
•Hawaiian Creole English (HCE):
Originated in Hawaii as a result of contact
between Hawaiian, English, and other
immigrant languages. (Thomason 2008,
255),

26. Geographical distribution of
pidgin and creole Language.
•Tok Pisin: A creole language spoken in
Papua New Guinea, heavily influenced by
English but with its own unique grammar
and vocabulary.
•Papiamento: A creole language spoken in
the Caribbean, particularly in Aruba,
Bonaire, and Curaçao, influenced by
Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, and African
languages (Papen 1997, 355).

27. Geographical distribution of
pidgin and creole Language.
•Louisiana Creole: Developed in
Louisiana, USA, from contact between
French, African languages, and
Indigenous languages.
•Jamaican Patois: A creole language
spoken in Jamaica, influenced by English,
African languages, and various other
languages. Aitchison(1994, p. 3177)

28. Linguistics Characteristics of
Pidgins and Creoles Language
Simplified Grammar
Lexical Borrowing:
Reduction of Phonological Complexity:
Lack of Inflectional Morphology
Variable Intonation and Stress
Patterns
Emergence in Contact Situations

29. Examples of Linguistics Characteristics of
Pidgins and Creoles Languages
SimplifiedGrammar:
Pidgin: "Me like go market" (Pidgin
English), where verb conjugation is
simplified.
Creole: "Miwash di piknidem"
(Jamaican Creole), where "wash" is
used for both singular and plural
subjects without inflection.

30. Examples of Linguistics Characteristics of
Pidgins and Creoles Languages
Lexical Borrowing:
Pidgin: "Biscut" (from English
"biscuit") in Nigerian Pidgin.
Creole: "Kuminda" (fromPortuguese
"comida," meaningfood) in
Papiamento
Aitchison(1994, p. 3177)

31. Reductionof PhonologicalComplexity:
Pidgin: Reduction of consonant
clusters, e.g., "fren" for "friend" in
Hawaiian Pidgin.
Creole: Simplification of vowel
distinctions, e.g., "bile" for "boil" in
Gullah Creole.
Examples of Linguistics Characteristics of
Pidgins and Creoles Languages

32. Examples of Linguistics Characteristics of
Pidgins and Creoles Languages
Lackof InflectionalMorphology:
Pidgin: "Me go" (no verb conjugation) in Tok
Pisin.
Creole: "Dem deysleep" (no third-person
singular inflection) in Nigerian Pidgin.

33. Examples of Linguistics
Characteristics of Pidgins and
Creoles Languages
Variable Intonation and Stress Patterns:
Pidgin: Varying stress patterns influenced by
speakers' native languages, e.g., Nigerian
Pidgin influenced by Yoruba, Igbo, and other
Nigerian languages.
Creole: Intonation patterns influenced by
West African languages in Gullah Creole,
contributing to its distinct prosody.
Aitchison (1994, p. 3177)

34. Exemples of Linguistics Characteristics of
Pidgins and Creoles Languages
EmergenceinContactSituations:
Pidgin: Nigerian Pidgin developed during
trade interactions between local communities
and European traders.
Creole: Haitian Creole emerged as a native
language among African slaves in Haiti, with
influences from French, African languages,
and indigenous Caribbean languages.

35. Conclusion
•Thoselanguages,pidginandcreole,are
oftenconsideredsimplifiedlanguage
unconsciouslybornfromapractical
situationofinterlinguisticcommunication.
Theyhavetheirowncharacteristicsthat
makethemtobeuniquetobeinvestigate
andlearnt.Bycomparingthem,wewill
perhapsfindssomeinformationthatuseful
forlanguagedevelopments.

36. Bibliography
•BRAIN, Arends et al., (1995: 99).Reasons
for pidgins to arise
•BRITANNICA, (2014). Pidgin and creole
Accessed on:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/language
/Pidgins-and-creoles
•WILLER, Bickerton (1977, 1983) Linguistic
Characteristics of Pidgins and creole
Languages