Group_5_ppt.pptx of aniline point and cloude point

aniline point and cloude point

1. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AGARTALA Department of Chemical Engineering Energy Sources and Utilization Lab Instructor : Dr. Srimanta Roy & Dr. Soma Nag Group 5 Laboratory presentation Topic :- Aniline point & Carbon Residue

2. AIM: Determination of the Coke-forming tendency and Carbon Residue of the supplied sample of lubricating oil using Conradson Apparatus APPARATUS: 1. Carbon residue (Conradson) apparatus 2. Analytical balance

3. THEORY: Most of the lubricant oils are containing high percentage of carbon in combined form and fuels containing less percentage of carbon in combined form. On heating, they decompose depositing a certain amount of carbon. The deposition of such carbon in machine is intolerable, particularly in internal combustion engines and air compressors. A good lubricant should deposit least amount of the carbon in use.

4. Fig: Conradson Apparatus

5. PROCEDURE: Weigh the empty silica crucible. Put some amount of given sample in silica crucible and weigh it again. Place the silica crucible in the centre of skid more crucible. The skid more crucible is provided with a lid which has a small tube opening which helps the volatile matter to escape. It is then placed in a wrought iron crucible and cover with chimney shaped iron hood which helps in even distribution of heat during reaction process. Start heating it slowly until flame appears and continue for another few minutes. Then strong heating is done till vapours of all volatile matter are burnt completely. The apparatus is then allowed to cooled until there is no smoke. Remove the iron hood and crucible lids and weigh the residue.

6. Observations & Calculation 1) Weight of the crucible (with/without lid) W 1 = gm 2) Weight of the crucible with sample (with /without lid ) W 2 =gm 3) Weight of crucible with residue (with/without lid) W 3 =gm Carbon Residue = ×100 = ×100  

7. Experimental data Consider W1,W2 & W3 with lid W1=343.53 g W2=352.88 g W3=343.6 g Carbon residue = = = 0.7486 %  

8. Significance The Conradson Carbon Residue Test helps make sure that the oil used in engines and machines is good enough. It prevents problems like dirt buildup and helps things run smoothly. Especially in places where things get very hot, this test makes sure that the oil won't cause accidents and keeps everyone safe.

9. Application The Conradson Carbon Residue Test finds versatile application across numerous industries. In the realm of petroleum refining, it plays a pivotal role in assessing the quality of crude oil and predicting the residue left during processing. Lubricant manufacturers harness its power to craft high-performance oils for automotive engines, industrial machinery, and aerospace applications. In the automotive sector, it aids in the selection of motor oils, safeguarding engines from deposits and ensuring smooth operation.

10. Conclusion The Conradson Carbon Residue Test stands as a fundamental tool with far-reaching implications in various industries. It empowers quality control by ensuring the integrity of lubricating oils, safeguarding engines, and industrial machinery from harmful deposits, and enabling the selection of lubricants. This test plays a crucial role in compliance with industry standards and environmental responsibility, contributing to reduced emissions and environmental impact.

11. Objective: Determination of the Aniline point and diesel index of a given liquid fuel.

12. THEORY ANILINE POINT: It is the lowest temp at which the sample is completely miscible with equal volume of aniline. ► Aniline point of an oil gives the indication of possible deterioration of a rubber sealing, packaging etc. in contact with oil. ► The aromatic hydrocarbon has a tendency to dissolve certain type of rubber, so low aromatic content is desired for the oil.

13. Relationship of Aniline Point with various parameters If Aniline Point increases: - ►Diesel Index Increases ► Ignition quality will be better ►Aromatic Content Decreases Lighter the paraffin content , higher is the aniline point and cetane number at the same time minimum is the knocking i n the diesel fuel

14. Fig: Aniline Point Apparatus

15. PROCEDURE Clean and dry the u-tube. Take 20 ml of distilled aniline and 20 ml of lubricating oil in the u- tube. Place the u-tube inside the aniline point apparatus. Switch ON the electric heating device. Switch ON the stirrer after every 5-7 minutes. Insert the thermometer in u-tube. 7) Note down the temperature at which aniline and oil sample form a single phase and that temperature is called aniline point.

16. SL No. Sample Cloud point (℃) Aniline point (℃) 1 Diesel 75 ℃ 125 ℃ 2 Kerosine 60 ℃ 140 ℃ OBSERVATION Volume of Kerosene/Diesel = 20 ml Volume of Aniline = 20 ml

17. 141.5 Degree API = -------------------------------------------- -135.5 Relative density at 60/60 °C Degree of API * Aniline point Diesel Index = -------------------------------------------- 1000 141.5 Degree API = ------------- -135.5 = 35.1875 0.829 35.18 x 125 Diesel Index = ---------------------- = 4.3975 1000 Calculation for Diesel

18. Calculation for Kerosine 141.5 Degree API = ----------------------------------------- -135.5 Relative density at 60/60 ℃ Degree of API * Aniline point Kerosine Index = ------------------------------------------ 1000 141.5 Degree API = --------------- -135.5 = 46.84 0.776 46.84 x 140 Kerosine Index = --------------------- = 6.515 1000

19. Significance The parameters in the experiment provides insight into low temperature and suitability of these fuels for various application. The aniline point indicates the ability of the fuel to mix with other substances while diesel index affects the fuel ignition quality at low temperature(Higher the number better is the ignition quality).These measurements are crucial for understanding the performance of fuel in cold weather conditions and their compatibility with engines and combustion systems.

20. Application Aniline point of various oils and waxes are indicated so as to know the quality of the fuel. Lower the value of aniline point lower is the quality since then the fuel contains high aromatic compounds which then tends to dissolve natural rubbers and certain types of synthetic rubbers. Consequently low aromatic content is preferred for which high aniline point is desired. High diesel index means the fuel ignites quickly which is advantageous and beneficial for diesel equipments .

21. Conclusion The aniline point of the liquid sample is determined to be 125 °C for diesel and 140 °C for kerosene. This indicates that the sample has high aromatic content which is consistent with its low diesel index 4.39(for diesel) and 6.515(for kerosene).The low diesel index suggests that the sample may not be suitable for use as a diesel fuel.

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