Growth and Phenological stages of Temperate Fruit Crops

Growth stages , growth curve , and development of temperate fruit crops

1. Growth and Phenological Stages of Temperate Fruits FSC-211 Submitted to: Dr. Vishal Rana Dr. Pramod Verma Submitted by : Deepali Kaushik

2. Growth is, a quantitative term, an irreversible increase in number, volume (size) or weight of cell, tissue or organ in plant life cycle. Growth occurs only in living cells by metabolic processes involved in the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates at the expense of metabolic energy provided by photosynthesis and respiration. GROWTH

3. Vegetative growth phase: From the beginning of germinated seed stage, until initiation of the first flower primordium, the plant is in the vegetative stage of growth . "When a plant cannot be made to flower it is said to be juvenile growth phase. This A phase is characterized by the most rapid rate of growth the plant will undergo . Environmental factors such as periods of long and short daylight, varying nutritional levels or supplying carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere may increase vegetative growth and if properly controlled may shorten the time to maturity. Reproductive growth phase: The vegetative stage of growth ends when the vegetative stem primordia are transformed into flower primordia.Photoperiodism is the growth response of a plant to the length of the light and dark periods can initiate flowering Phases of growth in fruit plants

4. Fruit development stages

5. Growth curves Single sigmoid curve

6. Double sigmoid curve

7. Triple sigmoid curve

8. K ey growth stage s of fruit development Thirteen different growth stage names are used for the six fruits. The same name is employed for all of the fruits at five comparable stages. Dormant : fruit buds relatively inactive. This is the overwintering stage, (applies to all fruits). Silver tip : applies only to apple. Fruit bud scales separated at tip, showing light gray tissue. Swollen bud : equivalentto silvertip stage in apple. Fruit buds swollen, scales separated to expose areas of lighter colored tissue. Green tip : applies only to apple. Fruit buds broken at tip, showing about 1 /16 inch (1 -2 mm) green. Bud burst : equivalent to green tip stage in apple. Fruit buds broken at tip, showing tips of blossom buds. (Applies to pear, sweet and tart cherry, plum and prune).

9. Half-inch green : ( centimeter green): applies only to apple and peach. In apple, when about V2 inch (1cm) of leaf tissue is projecting from the fruit buds. In peach, when the leaf bud occurring between a pair of fruit buds has produced about vz inch (1 cm) of new growth. Tight cluster : applies only to apple. Blossom buds mostly exposed, tightly grouped, stems short. Green cluster : applies only to pear, plum and prune. Blossom buds green, mostly separated in the cluster, stems lengthened. Pink : applies only to apple and peach. For apple, all blossom buds in cluster pink, stems fully extended. For peach, when the blossom bud shows a pink tip. White bud : applies to pear, sweet and tart cherry, plum and prune. Blossom buds white, separated in the cluster and stems lengthened. Bloom : blossom buds open (applies to all fruits). Petal fall : after about 75 per cent of the petals have fallen.

10. Phenological stages of different temperate fruits Apple Plum Pear Peach Strawberry Kiwi Persimmon Cherry Apricot Wallnut

11. Apple

12. Plum

13. Pear

14. Peach

15. Strawberry

16. Kiwi

17. Persimmon

18. Cherry

19. Apricot

20. Wallnut

21. Thank you