GS 2024 PRELIMS ALL INDIA FREE MOCK TEST

UPSC — CSE 2024 PRELIMS ALL INDIA FREE MOCK TEST (GS & CSAT)

Examination

EKAM IAS ACADEMY Lets Work Together, We Hard, You Smart HYDERABAD UPSC — CSE 2024 PRELIMS ALL INDIA FREE MOCK TEST (GS & CSAT) 02–06–2024 ..: GS (PAPER — 1) 09:30AM to 11:30 AM CSAT (PAPER — 2) 02:30 PM to 04:30 PM MODE: ONLINE & OFFLINE 1st Prize — ₹5,000/- 2nd Prize — ₹3,000/- 3rd Prize — ₹2,000/- To Attend the Test →Scan & Register 81210 27337 Ashok Nagar, Hyderabad Follow Us: ▸ www.ekamiasacademy.com

1. INDIA HOSTS THE ANTARCTIC PARLIAMENT
Antarctica, a continent long shrouded in mystery and isolation, is now
experiencing a surge in human activity, driven by tourism, scientific research,
and geopolitical interests.
Against this backdrop, the ongoing 46th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting
(ATCM) in Kochi, Kerala, serves as a crucial platform for deliberating on the
future of Antarctica.
India, emerging as a prominent stakeholder in Antarctic affairs, has a unique
opportunity to advocate for responsible practices and harness the continent's
potential for scientific exploration and sustainable resource development.
Significance of Antarctica
Climate Change Implications:
 Antarctica's ice sheets play a critical role in regulating global climate
patterns, and their melting poses significant implications for rising sea
levels and weather systems worldwide.
 Recent satellite images revealing the movement of Antarctic icebergs
underscore the urgency of studying and understanding the continent's
climate dynamics.
Resource Potential:
 Antarctica is believed to harbor substantial reserves of minerals,
including rare earth elements, coal, and possibly untapped oil and gas
deposits.
 With the depletion of traditional resource sources and the growing
global demand for minerals, the exploration of Antarctica's resource
potential has gained attention, albeit with a focus on sustainable and
responsible practices.
Scientific Research Opportunities:

2.  The pristine and unique environment of Antarctica offers unparalleled
opportunities for scientific research across various disciplines, including
glaciology, astronomy, geology, and biology.
 Notable research facilities such as the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
demonstrate the continent's significance as a hub for cutting-edge
scientific inquiry.
Rising Geopolitical Interests:
 As nations vie for influence and strategic advantages in key regions,
Antarctica has emerged as an area of growing geopolitical interest.
 Countries such as the USA and China have established research stations
on the continent, signaling their intent to assert presence and influence
in Antarctica.
Environmental Monitoring and Conservation:
 Antarctica serves as a crucial barometer of global environmental
changes, with scientists closely monitoring its ecosystems and wildlife to
gain insights into broader ecological trends.
 Rapid warming in the Antarctic Peninsula has led to significant shifts in
species populations, underscoring the need for conservation efforts to
preserve the continent's fragile ecosystems.
Tourism and Adventure:
 The allure of Antarctica's pristine landscapes and unparalleled natural
beauty has made it an increasingly popular destination for adventure
tourism.
 However, the surge in tourism, as evidenced by record visitor numbers,
has raised concerns about its impact on the continent's fragile
environment and ecosystems.
Significance for India
Advancing India's Space Program:

3.  Antarctica's harsh and remote environment provides an ideal testing
ground for India's space technologies, including landers, rockets, and
remote sensing systems.
 Conducting experiments and trials in Antarctic conditions could help
India refine its space capabilities and enhance its competitiveness in the
global space arena.
Securing Energy and Mineral Resources:
 Given India's growing energy demands and the imperative of resource
security, Antarctica's potential for responsible resource exploration
presents an opportunity for addressing the country's long-term energy
and mineral needs.
 However, any exploration efforts must adhere to stringent environmental
regulations set forth by the Antarctic Treaty System.
Advancing Climate Change Research and Adaptation:
 India's geographical vulnerability to climate change impacts underscores
the importance of understanding Antarctica's climate systems.
 By contributing to climate research and adaptation efforts, India can
better prepare for and mitigate the effects of climate change on its own
territory and population.
Strengthening Maritime Capabilities:
 India's engagement in Antarctic logistics and operations offers valuable
opportunities to enhance its maritime capabilities, particularly in
navigating icy waters, developing polar-adapted vessels, and bolstering
expertise in polar navigation.
 These capabilities are not only essential for Antarctic operations but also
serve India's strategic interests in the broader Indian Ocean region.
Exploring Bioprospecting Opportunities:
 Antarctica's unique ecosystems harbour a wealth of biodiversity,
including microorganisms with potential applications in pharmaceuticals,
biotechnology, and agriculture.

4.  Indian researchers could explore bioprospecting opportunities in
Antarctica, contributing to the country's bioeconomy and scientific
knowledge base.
Enhancing India's Role in Antarctica
Developing Advanced Autonomous Systems:
 India can take the lead in developing advanced autonomous systems
tailored for polar exploration, leveraging robotics and artificial
intelligence.
 These systems could enhance scientific diplomacy and collaboration by
facilitating mapping, surveying, and monitoring activities in Antarctica.
Collaborating on Rare Earth Element (REE) Exploration:
 Collaborative efforts with other nations could enable India to assess and
explore potential rare earth element (REE) deposits in Antarctica.
 By adhering to responsible exploration practices and regulatory
frameworks, India can position itself as a key player in sustainable
resource exploration efforts.
Investing in Sustainable Infrastructure:
 India's investment in sustainable infrastructure in Antarctica, such as
renewable energy systems, waste management facilities, and eco-
friendly transportation solutions, demonstrates its commitment to
minimizing environmental impacts and ensuring the long-term viability
of Antarctic operations.
Promoting Responsible Tourism:
 India can collaborate with international partners to develop guidelines
and best practices for responsible and sustainable tourism in Antarctica.
 Training programs for tour operators and guides, along with
educational initiatives, can raise awareness about the importance of
conservation and environmental stewardship in the region.
India's Initiatives and Proposals

5. Proposal for Regulatory Framework on Tourism:
 India's proposal for introducing a regulatory framework for tourism in
Antarctica at the 46th ATCM underscores its commitment to responsible
practices and conservation efforts in the region.
Infrastructure Development:
 India's active presence in Antarctica, demonstrated by research stations
such as Maitri and Bharati, reflects its dedication to scientific
exploration and logistical support in the continent.
Post Office Branch Opening:
 The recent inauguration of a post office branch at the Bharati research
station by the Department of Posts highlights India's efforts to enhance
connectivity and logistical support for Antarctic operations.
Focus on Sustainability:
 India's emphasis on sustainability in its Antarctic endeavors, including
eco-friendly infrastructure and waste management solutions,
underscores its commitment to preserving the continent's fragile
environment for future generations.
Mains question:
Q. "Discuss India's role and initiatives in promoting responsible exploration and
sustainable development in Antarctica, considering its geopolitical significance
and environmental challenges." (150 WORDS)