Guidance and counseling

Guidance and counseling

1. GOOD AFTERNOON

2. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING BY : SAYANTANI MONDAL 1 st Year M.Sc. Nursing IOP-COE, College of Nursing

3. CONCEPT It enables or assist the individual to solve educational, vocational and psychological problems . In the field of psychology and education, the word guidance is having a specific meaning. It refers to a process of helping the individual to discover himself which means his potentials and capacities and capabilities, abilities and aptitudes, interest and natural endowments and to help him in achieving maximum development and using all potentialities to the maximum advantage of the individual and society.

4. DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE According to Crow and Crow, guidance is assistance made available by professionally qualified and adequately trained men/women to an individual of any age to help him manage his own life activities, develop his own points of view, make his own decisions and carry his own burdens.

5. DEFINITION OF COUNSELING According to Wren, 1962, counseling is a dynamic and purposeful relationship between two people, who approach a mutually defined problems with mutual considerations of each other to the end that the troubled one or less mature is aided to a self determined resolution of his problem.

6. PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELING

7. NEEDS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING To help in the total development of students To assist in leading a healthy life by sustaining from whatever is deleterious to health To help in the proper selection of educational programmes. To help in selection of careers according to their interests and abilities To help the students in vocational development

8. To minimize the mismatching between education and employment and help the efficient use of manpower. To help students to overcome the period of turmoil and confusion To identify and motivate the students from weaker sections of society To identify and render help of students who are in need of special help To motivate the youth for self employment

9. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING Guidance is preventive, whereas counseling is curative or therapeutic psychotherapy . Guidance includes information giving to the individuals in their all round development whereas counseling consists of information giving to solve individuals problems, but all information given is not counseling . Guidance may be given in any nomal set up whereas counseling requires a special set up a room to conduct interview

10. Guidance is an integral part of education and assists it in fulfilling its aims, whereas counseling is needed when required. In guidance, decision making operates at intellectual levels, whereas counselling operates at emotional level . Guidance will be done by teachers , it is an important component in all education programmes.

11. Guidance may be done by any guidance worker, whereas counseling requires a high level of skills as well as special professional training less threatening scene. After a gap of time he is again asked to recall the scene. This process is repeated until he feels completely relaxed.

12. TRENDS IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING Individual Approach

13. Group Counseling

14. Precollege Orientation in Educational Guidance & Counseling

15. Career Counseling

16. Disciplinary Guidance & Counseling

17. Religious Guidance & Counseling

18. Marriage Counseling

19. Cyber Counseling

20. Workplace Counseling

21. Family Counseling

22. Geriatric Counseling

23. School Counseling

24. ISSUES IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING Resistance to counselling

25. Counseling individual of different cultures

26. Counseling individuals with strong emotions

27. Counselor burn out

28. TRENDS AND ISSUES IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING IN NURSING The nursing practitioners- no proper job description, no job satisfaction, long length of working hours, no less profession, less salary and harassment The nursing educations- increased fee, higher education, inadequate hostel facilities, no associated hospitals to nursing colleges, in-service education, no separate principals and building for schools and colleges.

29. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING : DIAGNOSTIC Standardized test Intelligence tests Achievement tests Aptitude tests Interest tests Personality tests

30. Nonstandardized tests Autobiography Anecdotal records Questionnaire Interview Observation Cumulative record chart Case study Rating scale Sociometric technique Informal collection of information

31. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING : REMIDIAL 1. Guidance in Promotion of Health Guidance aims at the total health of the student. Both the preventive and restorative measures are needed to ensure the achievement of this objective.

32. Health Programme Supervision : Supervision of college/university facilities such as hostels and canteens to see that healthful conditions are maintained. Immunization: Specific protection through immunization against diseases, such as smallpox, typhoid, cholera, etc. may be enforced.

33. COORDINATION AND ORGANIZATION OF COUNSELLING SERVICES The major types or forms of the organization of counselling services --- Centralized counselling services (by central guidance office) Decentralized counselling services (by teachers) Combination of centralized and decentralized counselling services

34. TYPES OF COUNSELING Surface level counseling Counseling at next level Therapeutic counseling Developmental counseling Preventive counselling Facilitative counselling Crisis counselling

35. APPROACHES TO COUNSELING Directive counseling Non-directive counseling Eclectic counseling Group counseling

36. Directive or Counselee Centered Counseling In this approach the counsellor plays a leading role . He tries to direct the thinking of the counselee by informing explaining, interpreting and advising. Steps : Starting the counseling session Collect relevant data of problem Analyse the problems Synthesize the problem Diagnose Prognosis Prescribe remedial measures Follow up

37. Non directive or Permissive or Client Centered Counseling Counselee is guided to use his own inner resources to solve the problems. T he counselee plays a predominant role. Steps : Opening the session Establishing rapport Exploration of the problem Exploration of the causes of problem Discovering alternative solutions Termination of sessions Follow up

38. Eclectic Counseling In eclectic counseling the strategy arises out of the appropriate knowledge of student behaviour and a combination of directive, non directive and other approaches .

39. Grouping Counseling A group of persons is counseled by applying group interaction method for the purpose of arriving at a solution to the problem of the group. Steps : Selection of participants Session starting Orientation for discussion Self disclosure Decision making Closure Follow up

40. PROCESS OF COUNSELING

41. TECHNIQUES FOR COUNSELING 1) Problem solving technique : Individuals evaluate changes in them and their environment, make new choices or adjustments in harmonious manner. It involves following steps: Problem identifications Gathering of data Hypothesizing the courses Decision making Implementation Follow up

42. 2) Discussion technique : Used for group ccounseling In a discussion class the group focus on the common problem helps them to solve the problem Discussion needs competence among members of communication skills.

43. 3) Role playing techniques : It is a technique used in counseling for developing skills and insight in an individual by acting out situations which are parallel to real life problems . It takes the form of psychodrama or sociodrama .

44. 4) Lecturers : Lectures delivered by experts can impart counseling in an effective way. 5) Case conferences : In this techniques, problems faced by majority are discussed as a case . It gives experience in social thinking and has positive and unique values in the team work.

45. 6) Operant conditioning : It is a technique of conditioning the behavior of a person. It is believed that if new behavior is rewarded then old behavior itself gets ignored . 7) Aversive conditioning : This technique is used to change some specific behavior . eg Alcoholism. In this some pain or discomfort is associated with the particular behavior that is needed to be changed.

46. 8) Reciprocal inhibition : By this technique persons having anxiety, fear etc. are helped . In these technique persons is asked to shift his imagination from the fearful condition to a less threatening scene. After a gap of time he is again asked to recall the scene. This process is repeated until he feels completely relaxed.

47. Points to rememeber while Counseling : Basic counseling techniques are : Make the setting comfortable, quiet and privacy are essential. Be primarily a listener. Give definite indications when you understand what is being said, or ask for clarification where needed. Avoid judgmental reactions such as surprise, shock or amusement unless you are genuinely sharing the students feelings of deep concern or appropriate humor . Means, you must show appropriate responses to show empathy. Help the student focus on real problems, one at a time. Try to solve smaller problems and then focus on the larger issue.

48. Do not take notes unless it is to assure the student agrees follow up. Offer to see the student again; setting a more or less definite time, if possible. Remember that the key to the entire relationship is your ability to demonstrate warmth, concern and understanding Always try to be aware of the feeling behind what the student is saying. Provide many opportunities for positive recognition, rather than just recognizing the negative.

49. COUNSELING CLIENTS, VULNERABLE GROUPS, FAMILIES, COMMUNITY Vulnarable group counselling is most crucial part of counselling. Client with physical abuse, verbal abuse, sexual abuse, financial abuse, post traumatic stress disorder, rape etc are vulnerable group. As these are sensitive issues, special communication skill is required while vulnerable group counselling. Resistance to counselling is the common problem in vulnerable group counselling. Client mostly deny to talk. Most of the time, client came with severe depression.

50. Family counselling involve all members of a nuclear or stepfamily and in some cases , members of the extended family. Counselor conducts multiple session to help families to deal with important issue that interfare or may interfare with the functioning of the family. The goal of family counseling is to help family members improve communication, solve family problems and understand and handle special family situation. Family counselling is indicated whenever there are relationship problems within family or marital unit.

51. Community counselling is done directly in the community instead of a hospital. A community is defined as a group of interacting individuals who share a commonality. Community counselling is often located much closer to where patients actually live. Community counsellor can work in variety of settings like private chamber, mental health centers , rehabilitation facilities or prisons.

52. PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION AND TRAINING FOR COUNSELING Education: master's degree or bachelor's degree in teaching and education Experience 2 years in teaching or counseling experience. 1 year of cumulative work experience 3.5months of supervised experience in social activities to reveal interest in working with Personal fitness scholastic- aptitude interest activities- personality factors. He should show positive interest and ability to work with people

53. SUMMARIZATION Concept Definition of guidance and counseling Principles of guidance and counseling Need of guidance and counseling Difference between guidance and counseling Trends & Issues in guidance and counselling Guidance and counselling : Diagnostic & Remedial Coordination and Organization of Services in counselling Types of Counseling Approaches to Counseling Process of Counseling Techniques of Counselling Counseling clients, vulnerable groups, families, community Professional preparation and training for counselling Conclusion

54. Guidance refers to : An advice provided by superior to resolve problems A professional advice provided by counselor in overcoming from personal or psychological problem Both of the above None of the above

55. Counseling refers to : An advice provided by superior to resolve problems A professional advice by counselor Both of the above None of the above

56. The main aim for educational guidance is : Pupil Development Solve problems Improvement of Curriculumn None of the above

57. Name the different types of counselling

58. ASSIGNMENT Write down an assignment on Characteristics of a good counselor and submit to me within 7 days.