Guidance.pptx guidance of children as well as the next generation for career

Guidance

1. Guidance Submitted to: Sir Zulqarnain Haidar Submitted from: Faiz Bibi Subject Date Semester Education 5/8/24 2nd semester

2.   Definition of Guidance   Literally, guidance means any kind of help or assistance needed by an individual from cradle to grave. But, guidance in its present context is limited in scope and functioning and has a specific meaning. Prominent experts have defined this term as under. Guidance is an external process introduced to help the individual to utilize his capacities to their maximum level. It provides such information’s and skills which enable him to understand his environment and obtain better results by his abilities and capacities. Increase in the problems of daily life has increased the importance of guidance. It assists an individual to develop his capacities for adjustment to his environment. It provides opportunities to overcome the problems and continue the process of development.   According to Jones: “Guidance involves personal help given by someone; it is designed to assist the individual to decide where he wants to go, what he wants to do and how best he can accomplish his purpose. It assists him to solve problems that arise in his life”.  

3. John Dewey: Guidance is different from direction and instruction. It is an internal rather than an external process. Individual is not directed to follow some specific direction, he is advised with several directions and allowed the opportunity of selection. Guidance is recognized as education but the entire education process is not guidance. Moser and Moser: “Guidance is a term with many meanings. It is a point of view a group of services, a field of study which we should   Be required to choose one of the emphasized service would pre- dominate”. Traxler : “Guidance is a process of enabling each individual to understand his abilities and interest to develop them as well as possible and to relate them to life goals and finally to reach a state of complete and matured self-guidance as a desirable human element of the social order.”  

4. National Vocational Guidance Association (USA) “Guidance is the process of helping a person to develop and accept an integrated and adequate picture of himself and of his role in the world of work, to test this concept against reality and to convert it into reality with satisfaction to himself and benefit to the society”. Duns moor and Miller: “Guidance is a means of helping individuals to understand and use wisely the educational, vocational and personal opportunities they have or can develop and as a form of systematic assistance whereby students are aided in achieving satisfactory adjustment to school and in life”. Crow and Crow: “Guidance is assistance made available by professionally qualified and adequately trained men and women to an individual of any age to help him manage his own life activities, develop his own decisions and carry his own burdens”.  

5. Knapp: “The elements of guidance are learning about the individual student, helping him to understand himself,   effecting changes in him and in his environment which will help him to grow and develop as much as possible.” LaFevers, Terrill and Wetzel:   “Guidance is an educational service designed to help students make more effective use of the schools training programed.” Chisholm:   “Guidance seeks to help each individual become familiar with a wide range of information about himself, his in­terests, his abilities, and his previous development in the various areas of living and his plans or ambitions for the future.”

6. Mathewson:   “Guidance is the systematic professional process of helping the individual through education and inter­pretative procedures to gain a better under-standing of his own characteristics and potentialities and to relate himself more satis­factorily to social and moral values.” Barned and Fulmar:   “Guidance is perceived as all those activities which promote individual self-realization.” Stoops and Wahl Quist:   “Guidance is a continuous process of helping the individual development to the maximum of his capacity in the direction most beneficial to himself and to society.” Smith:   “The guidance process consists of a group of services to individuals to assist them in securing the knowledge’s and skills needed in making adequate choices, plans and interpretations essential to satisfactory adjustment in a variety of areas.”

7. Mc Daniel:   “ Guidance is a facilitative service, it does not undertake to carry out the objectives of educational programmers; rather, it attends to provide aids to pupils and staff to help pupils determine the courses most appropriate to their needs and abilities, find instructors who will be more sympathetic to their individual requirements, and seek out activities which will help them realize their potentialities.”   Brewer:   “Guidance is a process through which an individual is able to solve his problems and pursue a path suited to his abilities and aspirations”. Moser and Moser:   “Guidance is a with many meanings. It is a point of view, it is a group of services, and it is a field of study… should we be required to choose one of the emphasis, service would predominate.”  

8. Mortensen and Schmullar :   “From one point of guidance clearly embraces all of education, from another, it is seen as a specialized service whose primary concern is with the individual.” Tiedemann:   “The goal of guidance is to help people, become purposeful and not merely to peruse purposeful activity”.

9. Types of Guidance   Broadly speaking, the number of types of guidance depends upon the number of fields and situations where guidance is needed. They may be: Personal-social guidance   Educational guidance Vocational guidance Physical guidance Hygiene guidance Religious guidance Old-age guidance Political guidance Material guidance Family guidance etc.

10. Educational Guidance   The teacher provides this type of guidance to students for their educational problems. This type of guidance is used to choose the subjects in school, identifying the cause of failure faced by the student by diagnostic tests in study subjects. Vocational Guidance   This type of guidance is given to individuals for choosing a job or to clarify problems in certain jobs. Different types of tests are used in this type of guidance like Differential aptitude tests, Intelligence tests and aptitude tests, personality and interest inventories and Achievement and scholastic aptitude tests. Personal Guidance   This type of guidance is provided for the personal problems of the individual or other related problems. The problems can be family and home problems, emotional adjustment and anxiety or curiosities, financial or economic problems etc. 

11. Characteristics of Guidance   Observing the definitions of guidance given by different experts, it can be characterized under: 1. It is a help given by one person to another in solving problem. 2. It is not giving directions and imposition of one person’s point of view upon another person. 3. It is not making decisions for an individual which he should make for himself. 4. It is formal as well as informal process of guidance. 5. Guidance is usually given by qualified and trained person to develop own point view of one self. 6. It is a continuous and life long process for all sphere or walk of life. 7. It is a purposive process in making choices for his adjustment and solving problems.  8. It enables the individual to take decision to grow independently and he is responsible for himself.  9. It stimulates and helps the students to set-up worthwhile. It is a process of development. 10. There are people who need help and there are people who can help them. 11. Guidance and teaching are inseparable to one another.

12. 12. It converts the reality into satisfaction to himself and benefit to society. 13. It provides richer experiences for making his-own contribution to our democratic society. 14. It is mentally effort to conserve the priceless native capacities of youth and costly training provided for youth in school. 15. It is related to the life goals and makes desirable member of the social order. 16. The intelligent guidance makes the teaching-learning process most effective. Teaching is incomplete without proper guidance. 17. Guidance is an organized and systematic service. 18. Guidance is a specialized personal service. 19. Guidance is assistance for self-direction and self-development. 20. Guidance fulfils the aims of education. 21. Guidance is a planned activity conserving resources and energy. 22. Guidance is a continuous dynamic process concerning the individual child. 23. Guidance is a help to promote each child to his maximum development. 24. Guidance is a choice-based direction and support .

13. Old and modern concept of guidance in education The old concept of guidance in education often focused on directing students toward predefined paths, like vocational training or academic tracks. Modern guidance emphasizes individualized support, considering students' unique strengths, interests, and goals to help them navigate various opportunities and challenges in education and career. It's about empowering students to make informed decisions and develop essential skills for lifelong learning and success . Benef its of the Modern Concept Empowers students to make informed decisions Supports diverse learning styles and interests Promotes lifelong learning and adaptability

14. Tools and Strategies for Modern Guidance Career assessments Mentorship programs Counseling services Experiential learning opportunities.

15.     Old Concept of Guidance: Describe the traditional approach to guidance, which focused on directing students toward predefined paths. Discuss its characteristics, such as rigidity and limited options.   Limitations of the Old Concept: Examine the shortcomings of the traditional guidance approach, including its lack of individualization and failure to address diverse student needs and interests.   Transition to Modern Concept: Explore the factors that led to the transition from the old to the modern concept of guidance, such as globalization and technological advancements. Discuss the introduction of individualized guidance approaches.