Gujral Doctrine 1997-Analysis

About the Gujral Doctrine proposed by former Prime Minister Indeerjeet Gujral in 1997.
I.K Gujral's Doctrine has been the India's idea of Neighborhood first Policy.
This was aimed at India's Unilateral wish to ease relations with its immediate Neighbours of Pakistan.

1. Gujral Doctrine By A Madhu Naresh POL226 Submitted to Dr. Gurjeet Kaur

2. Who is I K Gujral?

3. Inder Jeet Gujral 12th Prime Minister of India, Minister of Finance. Minister of External Affairs in 1996-1997 in the H.D. Deve Gowda Government

4. Phases in Indian Foreign Policy The first phase (1947-62): Optimistic Non-Alignment The second phase (1962-71): Decade of Realism and Recovery The third phase (1971-91): Greater Indian Regional Assertion The fourth phase (1991-98): Safeguarding Strategic Autonomy This fifth phase (1998-2013): India, a Balancing Power The sixth phase (2013-until now): Energetic Engagement

5. India in the 1990s Post-Soviet Disintegration. The emergence of a unipolar world (USA) LPG reforms (1991). Kashmir Issue.

6. Need for Gujral Doctrine? Continuing hostility reason for poverty in South Asia.- Chengappa (India Today, 1997) Bi-lateral relations between India and Pakistan end in deadlock leading to tensions between two sides. To build confidence building measures.

7. Gujral Doctrine(1997) Unilateral action by India to improve relations with its neighbours. Formulated by Former Foreign Minister I.K. Gujral . He said “I am willing to make concessions on anything, except the sovereignty or secular character of our nation”. Emblem of India’s desire for friendship and cooperation with neighbours.

8. Gujral Doctrine as a Reconstruction of Panchsheel

9. Five Principles of the Gujral Doctrine India will not demand reciprocity from its neighbours , but rather gives and accommodates what it can in good faith and confidence. No South Asian government should permit the use of its territory to the disadvantage of a neighbouring country. No country should intrude in the domestic matters of another. South Asian countries must all respect each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty. They should settle all of their disagreements through sensible bilateral negotiations.

10. Significance of Gujral Doctrine Pakistan acquired colossal quantities of Indian wheat and sugar, whereas India purchased a significant amount of Pakistani cotton. Moreover, India and Pakistan collaborated closely on WTO problems raised at the 1996 WTO summit in Singapore. It helped easing South Asia’s regional relationships, including the difficult relationship between India and Pakistan.

11. Criticism of Gujral Doctrine The Gujral Doctrine had a weakening impact on R&AW’s ability to conduct intelligence operations in Pakistan. One of the chief factors that caused the intelligence failure before the Kargil war. Over the years, this doctrine has come under fire particularly Gujral’s decision to dismantle the country’s military capability to launch covert strikes against terrorist groups such as the Lashkar-e-Taiba.

12. Sources Khanna, V.N., Foreign Policy of India, 7th Edition, Vikas Publishing https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/gujral-doctrine https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/gujral-doctrine/

13. Thank you