Haematology Examination Blood Smear.pptx

Examination of blood smear

1. Examination blood smear BY/ D. Nida

2. Examination blood smear A stained smear is examined in order to determine the percentage of each type of leukocyte present and assess the erythrocyte and platelet morphology. Increases in any of the normal leukocyte types or the presence of immature leukocytes or erythrocytes in peripheral blood are important diagnostically in a wide variety of inflammatory disorders and leukemia. Erythrocyte abnormalities are clinically important in various anemia's. Platelet size irregularities are suggestive of particular thrombocyte disorders.

3. Notes: A well-made and well-stained smear is essential to the accuracy of the differential count. The knowledge and ability of the cell morphologist is critical to high-quality results. Before reporting significant abnormalities such as blasts, malaria or other significant finding on a patient’s differential, ask a more experienced tech to review the smear for confirmation. In clinical settings where a pathologist or hematologist is present, the smear is set aside for Pathologist Review.

4. NORMAL PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR

5. PLATELETS

6. Normally, most of the neutrophils circulating in the bloodstream are in a mature form, with the nucleus of the cell being divided or segmented. Because of the segmented appearance of the nucleus, neutrophils are sometimes referred to as "segs." The nucleus of less mature neutrophils is not segmented, but has a band or rod-like shape. Less mature neutrophils - those that have recently been released from the bone marrow into the bloodstream - are known as "bands" or "stabs". Neutrophils:

7. Segmented neutrophile Band neutrophil Shift to left  Increased bands mean acute infection, usually bacterial. Shift to right  Increased hypersegmented neutrophile.

8. Cytoplasm : pink Granules: primary secondary Nucleus: dark purple blue dense chromatin BAND NEUTROPHIL

9. Schistocyte