Hair Cosmetics

Hair cosmetics ,conditioners,shaving preparation

1. COSMETICS M.Swetha

2. Cosmetics for hair

3. HAIR COSMETICS 4 HAIR TONICS 1 2 3 5 HAIR OIL HAIR REMOVERS HAIR COLOURENTS SHAVING PREPARATION

4. HAIR TONICS For Oily Scalps: To correct the oily condition…… For Dry scalps: to supplement oily character…..

5. Hair conditioner Hair conditioner alter the texture and appearance of human hair and to improve damaged hair. Used after shampoo, to render the hair shinier, easy to comb, and free from static electricity when dry. Conditioners are usually based on cationic detergents and fatty materials like lanolin or mineral oil.

6. Ingredients Moisturizers. Whose role is to hold moisture in the hair. Usually these contain high proportions of humectants. 2. Re constructors. Usually containing hydrolyzed protein. Their role is to penetrate the hair and strengthen its structure through polymer cross linking. 3. Detanglers . Which modify the hair surface by pH as acidifiers, and/or by coating it with polymers, as glossers.

7. 4. Acidifiers. Acidity regulators which maintain the conditioner's pH at about 2.5–3.5 5.Thermal protectors. Usually heat-absorbing polymers, shielding the hair against excessive heat e.g., blow-drying or curling irons or hot rollers.

8. 6. Surfactants. Hair consists of approximately 97% of a protein called keratin, it contains negatively-charged amino acids Hair conditioners therefore usually contain cationic surfactants, which don't wash out completely, because their hydrophilic ends strongly bind to keratin. The hydrophobic ends of the surfactant molecules then act as the new hair surface.

9. 7. Oils (EFAs). Which can help dry/porous hair become more soft and pliable. 8. Sequestrants . The scalp produce natural oil called sebum. EFAs are the closest thing to natural sebum. 9. Lubricants. S uch as fatty alcohols, panthenol , dimethicone , etc for better function in hard water.

10. Hair oil For nourishment and care of hair. Either in the form of pure oil or some ingredients are dissolved in it.

11. HAIR REMOVERS EPILATORIES DEPILATORIES Mechanical Chemical For removing unwanted hairs. Several methods like waxing threading etc… Other various methods are electrolysis and diathermy.

12. Depilatories For degradation of superficial hair chemically without affecting the skin. Act by degrading the hair keratin. Contain alkaline solutions and reducing agents. Which cause swelling of hair fiber and breakdown of cystine bridges between adjacent polypeptide chains.

13. Formula Strontium sulphide Talc Methyl cellulose Glycerine Water Perfume Preservative 20g 20g 3g 15g 42g q.s q.s

14. Ingredients Inorganic Sulphides : Sodium sulphide : (2%) at pH 12 (not used due to strong action on skin) Barium sulphide : highly toxic Calcium sulphide : less toxic, less effective . Strontium sulphide : better choice.(25-50%) action within 3 min. Disadv : unpleasent odour (formation of hydrogen sulphide )

15. 2.Thioglycolates : Most widely used active ingredient are substituted mercaptans Used in conjugation with alkali 2.5 – 4% of calcium thioglycolate in conjugn with CaOH at pH 11-12 take 5-15 min for hair removal. Less toxic and less odour than sulphides . 3. Stannites : Sodium stannite is commonly used In presence of water it produces strong reducing and alkaline effect

16. 4. Enzymes : Keratinase enzyme have depilatory action Non irritant and odourless 3-4%is used and optimum pH is 7-8 5. Other additives : Humectant : prevent quick drying Eg : Glycerin, Sorbitol Thickening Agent : Starch, Methylcellulose, Mucin . PEG used to form film. Fat used for skin protection & conditioning.

17. EPILATORIES Plucking the hair either by tweezers, threading or by waxing. Rosin and wax are the main ingredient. Local anesthetic benzocain. Camphor, Hexachlorophane is also added.

18. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS TOXICITY TEST STABILITY TEST RHEOLOGY Estimation of hair removing agent. Instrumental analysis Rabbit test. Microscopical study Accelarated stability study Viscometer EVALUATION

19. SHAVING PPREPARATION Preparation used before shaving Preparation used after shaving Wet shaving preparation . Dry shaving preparation . After shave preparation .

20. Preparation used before shaving For shaving with razor blade. classified in to , Shaving soaps: solids and creams Brushless shaving cream. Aerosol preparation.

21. Types of shaving preparation Beard softening cream Lather shaving sticks Lather shaving soaps Aerosol shaving foams Brushless shaving creams Brushless shaving sticks

22. Beard softening cream – These pre shave preparation are used to wet and soften the beard and to lubricate the skin. Used to facilitate razor It contains Lime soap-dispersing agents Anti bacterial agent-menthol Preservative- tri ethanolamine stearate, lanoline Surfactant-tweens ,Spans

23. Lather shaving cream Fatty oils + Hydroxides to form soap 30 -50 % soaps Humectant Emollients –lanoline , cetyl alcohol ,mineral oil Surfactant Anti bacterial agent-menthol

24. Lather shaving sticks 80% Fatty acid soaps. 5-10% glycerol . 8-10% water. Aerosol shaving foams tri ethanolamine , potassium Hydroxide saponification with propellants. Surfactants, humectant,lubricants,propellant,perfume .

25. Heated shaving foams –increase the temperature

26. 2. For electric shaving. For lubrication: Talc, Magnesiumstearate To absorb perspiration: Kaolin, Magnesium Carbonate For drying the skin : Alcohol Astringent And Antiseptics

27. Preparation used after shaving To cool and refresh the skin. Used in the form of lotions, creams and powders. Contain antiseptics, emollient etc. Also contain menthol, glycerin, boric acid, alum and chloroform.

28. For after shave lotion: Antiseptic property. Determination of alcohol content Dermatological test .

29. Hair lighteners and bleaches Bleaching, also referred to as hair lightening or decolorizing Destruction of melanin by chemical reaction. Hydrogen peroxide (3-5%) and ammonium hydroxide are frequently used. EDTA – sequestering agent

30. HAIR COLORENTS /DYES Ideal hair dye should have certain properties…… Imprtant charecterestic to be considered are, Molecular size and pH Doesn’t permit molecules larger than ethylene glycol. Higher pH greater absorption but damage the hair.

31. Common ingredients in hair dyes: In general, hair dyes include DYES The dye chemicals are usually amino compounds. Metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide and iron oxide, are often used as pigments. MODIFIERS They stabilize the dye pigments or otherwise act to modify the shade. One commonly used - resorcinol.

32. Alkalizers Alkalizers are added to change the pH of the dye formula, because the dyes work best in a highly alkaline composition. Ammonium hydroxide is a common alkalizer . Antioxidants Antioxidants protect the dye from oxidizing with air. Most commonly used is sodium sulfite .

33. Ammonia: used to open hair shaft for dye penetration. Agents which make the dye more or less permanent. Soaps, wetting agents, fragrance, softening agents.

34. Classification Temporary colorant Semi- permanent colorant Permanent colorant Lightners or Bleaches

35. Temporary Color These dyes or colorants impart color to the hair for a short time. Absorption of the dye stuff takes place only on hair cuticle not penetrate in to the cortex and medulla. pH of the solution is adjusted at about 5.

36. Semitransparent Colorants These colorants give stronger coloration to the hair, and can withstand up to six to eight shampooing. Mainly based on basic dye stuff of nitro amino dyes. These are usually red or yellow. A mixture anionic and / or non ionic surfactant with a cation active dye is used to get semitransparent coloring. Formation of anion cation colour complex.

37. Permanent colorants These are either vegetable origin or salts of heavy metals. The main ingredients of the formulations are Base: Solution, emulsion , Gel, Powder, Shampoo. Dye: Oxidation Base Alkali: Ammonia. Antioxidants: Ammonium Thioglycolate .

38. EVALUATION Antiseptic property Stability test Sensitivity test In vitro anti microbiological tests against some specific organisms using liquid or solid medium Effect of heat, light etc on the stability.Accelerated stability study is done for determining stability. Antiseptics,may cause irritation, sensitization or photosensitization of the skin. This can be done by patch test, either open or occlusive .

39. evaluation For shaving preparation: Determination of free caustic alkali. Determination of potash soap. Determination of total free acid. Determination of total fatty material Foam formation Skin sensitization. Stability of the cream