...........Handling and Disposal of Materials.pptx

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1. What are these Signs?

2. Where do you usually see those signs?

3. As a grade 4 student, how will you handle the following materials?

4. Handling Different Materials

5. Different material have different properties. Some of these properties can be harmful when they are not used properly. Knowing about them can keep you from getting harmed or hurt while handling these materials. The following are some pointers that can guide you:

6. 1. Some materials can easily catch fire. They are called FLAMMABLE materials such as alcohol, gasoline and kerosene. They should be kept in containers and should be labelled properly. They should be kept away from children. If possible, place them in sheds outside the house. If not, put them in cabinets away from stoves and heaters as they may catch fire easily.

7. 2. Before using any material or substance in a container. Be sure to read the labels first. Pay attention to signs and symbols in the labels because they indicate how the contents of he containers are to be handled.

8. Flammable Substance easily catches fire.

9. Toxic Substance can cause death when inhaled, swallowed or absorbed by the skin

10. Explosive Substance has huge amounts of energy that can explode.

11. Corrosive Substance can damage the eyes, hands and other body parts it comes in contact with.

12. The labels of containers of many materials in your home may carry the “skull symbol” because they are toxic and therefore should be used with caution. These include cleaning materials like bleach, muriatic acid, ammonia and stain removers. Always ask for the assistance of older people if you need to handle those kinds of materials.

13. 3. In reading the label of a food item, make sure to look at the expiration date indicated at the label. The expiration date refers to the date beyond which the product should no longer be used or eaten. Doing so may cause injury, poisoning or even death.

14. 4. Never touch harmful wastes, which should be properly disposed by adults. Harmful waste may cause injury, disease or death to people. Dumping these materials on land can contaminate the soil and ground water.

15. 5. Never wash away or flush waste materials into the sink or toilet bowl. This may cause corrosion in the plumbing.

16. 6. Medicines are substances that are made up of a combination of chemicals and other components. When you have to take meds, be sure to follow the doctor’s order on the amount of meds that you should take and take it in the correct time. Always take the meds with the supervision of an adult.

17. 7. When handling decaying materials, remember to take the necessary precautions because these materials can release high amounts of bacteria that can cause serious health problems. As much as possible, use gloves when handling decaying materials then wash your hands thoroughly with soap afterwards.

18. Proper Disposal of Waste Materials

19. Look at one object in the photograph. What properties of matter does it have? How can we dispose properly the material if we have used it already and no longer need it?

20. Biodegradable Materials If you saw paper, left-over food, vegetable peelings, rotten fruits and dried leaves in the photograph, then what you saw are BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS, or those that decay with the help of bacteria, fungi and other organisms. BIODEGRADABILITY is the capability of the material to decompose.

21. Nonbiodegradable Materials Other objects in the paragraph are plastic, rubber, glass and metal. These are examples of NONBIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS, or those that do not decay easily and are the main contributors for the pollution on earth because they remain in their original form for a very long time.

22. Decomposing of Biodegradable Materials

23. Biodegradable materials go through DECOMPOSITION, or the process by which matter is broken down into simpler and tinier pieces as DECOMPOSERS like bacteria, fungi and other organisms eat them. These pieces become part of the soil. More importantly, these materials result in the formation of COMPOST, a nutrient-rich organic matter that can be used to fertilize soil.

24. COMPOSTING, or the process by which compost is formed, takes place naturally through a period of time. For example, a fruit or vegetable that was not used will start to decay over a period of time.

25. But did you know that you can also produce what is called a HOME COMPOST in a container right in your backyard? You can try this as an efficient way of disposing biodegradable wastes in your home and make use of the compost as fertilizers. Here are the simple steps to follow.

26. Choose a large container that you will use to hold the compost. This can be a large tin can or a plastic bin. Place it in your backyard. If you have enough space in the backyard, you can allot an area in which to make your compost pile and mark it wit a simple fence.

27. 2. Throw household waste into the pile along with leaves and grass clippings. Materials that are best for composting: Paper, bread, coffee grounds, egg shells, fruits peels, grains, nut shells and vegetables.

28. Do not include: Dairy products, glossy paper, meat, plants sprayed with pesticides, oily products and waste from pets because they will affect the quality of the compost. If possible, use an alternate layer of wet and dry compost to keep oxygen balanced inside the bin.

29. 3. Using a thick stick or a light spade or rake, turn the contents of the bin or the pile regularly to enable oxygen to circulate. Oxygen helps the decomposition of the waste materials.

30. 4. In several weeks to a few months, you can expect to find the wastes have turned into compost that can be used as plant fertilizer.

31. Decomposing of Nonbiodegradable Materials

32. Unlike biodegradable materials, nonbiodegradable wastes do not decompose. They stay on earth for a long period of time. And thus are the major components of garbage dumps. This may include aluminum cans, plastic objects, metal scraps, glassware, rubber tires and polystyrene. But with the rapid technological development, wastes now include computer hardware, electronic gadgets, etc.

33. The disposal of nonbiodegradable waste has become a serious concern for most countries including ours. But in our own little ways, we can help manage their disposal by implementing the three (3) R’s of waste management.

34. Reduce This is the best way to help manage nonbiodegradable wastes is by REDUCING the amount of waste you produce. Here are some ways: 1. Use whatever things you have to the maximum. Ex. you can use pencil as long as its writing well.

35. 2. If you must buy new things, get those products that are proven durable so that you can use the products for a longer time. 3. Avoid products that use a lot of packaging like products that are wrapped in many layers of plastic to avoid the increase of waste materials.

36. 4. Have broken things repaired instead of throwing them. Toys that have been broken must be repaired and avoid asking for new ones as they can cause a pile of nonbiodegradable junk. 5. Take good care of your things so they will last longer and will keep you from having to buy replacements.

37. Reuse The second R in waste management involves REUSING or using things more than once. Example are the shopping bags. These bags were mad for the purpose of using it again when you go shopping.

38. For school needs, you may reuse things that your older brother or sister used but can still be used for the same purpose. (Ex. school bags, unused/slightly used notebooks, old school textbooks) After using plastic utensils (plate, spoon, fork and cups) wash them instead of throwing them away.

39. 3. Do not throw out old clothes, toys and similar items. Someone else may have a good use for them. You may donate them to orphanages and victims of calamities. But be sure that the items that you will donate still looks presentable and decent.

40. Recycle RECYCLING involves finding ways to use things other than those for which they were made for. With this method, a used object can be transformed into a new product with a different purpose. Materials like tin cans, plastic bottles, glass jars, newspapers, magazines and even tires can be recycled.

41. Seatwork Handling Materials , Disposing Materials

42. Activity: Draw a poster that will show the importance of waste segregation in a short bond paper.

43. Assignment: Bring the following tomorrow: magazines scissors glue