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Detail explanation about head injuries

1. SCHOOL OF CLINICAL SCIENCE MAKAMBO- MAKENI Topic: HEAD INJURY Lecturer : Dr. Jalloh

2. Introduction - Head injury is a common injury suffered by people of all age groups, especially children. - Fortunately, most head injury are mild, temporary and are capable without persisting health problem - Some head injury may, however affect the brain or the tissue surrounding it. - It will result in long term complication

3. Head injury Is any sort of injury to the brain, skull or scalp. It can range from mild bump or bruise to a traumatic brain injury TYPES OF HEAD INJURY Concussion Contusion Skull fracture (depression ) Compression (hematoma)

4. Concussion It is most common type of head injury It is a type of head injury that happen when the brain is jarred or shaken hard enough to bounce against the skull It can range from mild to severe CONTUSION A bruise on the brain itself It can cause bleeding and swelling

5. Skull fracture Sometimes, a broken skull bone can affect the brain The broken pieces of bone can cut into the brain and cause bleeding It can lead to other types of injury INTRACRANIAL HEMATOMA It is the bleeding under the skull in the brain that forms a clot. It is range from mild to severe

6. Causes of head injury Falls ( most common) Exercising and sport relating accident Physical assaults Traffic accident WHO IS AT HIGHEST RISK Children The elderly Drug and alcohol users

7. Symptoms head ache ( following the head injury) Ringing in the ears Vomiting and nausea Dizziness and disorientedness Neck pain and visual problem Swelling Loss of consciousness, usually for a short period of time ( less than a minute)

8. When to call to sick medical help Loss of consciousness Worsening headache Drastic change in behavior Trouble understating, speaking or working Impaired senses Recurrent vomiting Weakness or numbness in the arms or legs Seizures Leaking of blood or fluid from the ear or the nose Memory loss and breathing problem

9. Treatment and first aid The treatment for head injury depends on the injury severity. Most often, mild injuries do not required treatment. If head injury is severe, call the ambulance immediately. If the casualty bleeding try to stop the bleeding by using gauze or a clean cloth.

10. Treatment cont. If the wound is open, do not touch or apply pressure on it. Cover or wrap the wound with a clean piece of gauge ( bandage) instead. If vomiting while sitting, help them to lean forward. If lying down while vomiting, roll their body to the side to prevent choking. If the person is awake, instruct them not to move their head and neck Unconscious and breathing, stabilize their body Unconscious and not breathing, begin the process of CPR

11. Some symptoms may appear in few days Moderate headache Problem of sleeping Poor appetite Bruises or mild scalp swelling Memory loss

12. NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS Impaired consciousness/deteriorating level of consciousness Dizziness or nausea Loss of memory of events at the time of or immediately preceding the injury Mild to generalized headache Confusion Unequal pupil size Weakness and/or paralysis down one side of the face or body Drowsiness Change in personality or behavior such as irritability and disorientation

13. THANK YOU