healthsystemresearchtruytjdhgdhrdhgd.pptx

health care research

1. Health System Research TALHA SHAHID

2. Knowledge Skills of Research Methods

3. Systematic Investigation towards increasing the sum of knowledge. Research means finding answers to the questions. Research is search for knowledge. What is Research?

4. Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Mixed-Method Research What Kind of Research can you do?

5. Quantitative  methods emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniques. Quantitative Research

6. Qualitative Research  is primarily exploratory  research . It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research . Qualitative Research

7. Mixed methods research  is more specific in that it includes the  mixing  of qualitative and quantitative data,  methods , methodologies, and/or paradigms in a research  study or set of related studies. One could argue that  mixed methods research  is a special case of multimethod   research . Mixed Method Research

8. Epidemiologic Study Design

9. Observational Studies Descriptive research  is a study designed to depict the participants in an accurate way. The three main ways to collect this information are: Observational, defined as a method of viewing and recording the participants. Case study, defined as an in-depth study of an individual or group of individuals.   C ross-sectional study  (also known as a  cross - sectional analysis, transversal  study , prevalence  study ) is a type of observational  study  that analyzes data collected from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time—that is,  cross - sectional  data.   Longitudinal study  is an observational research method in which data is gathered for the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time. Longitudinal  research projects can extend over years or even decades. In a  longitudinal  cohort  study , the same individuals are observed over the  study  period.

10. Experimental Trials: Randomized controlled trial : (RCT) A study in which people are allocated at random (by chance alone) to receive one of several clinical interventions. One of these interventions is the standard of comparison or  control . The  control  may be a standard practice, a placebo ("sugar pill"), or no intervention at all . Field trial competition for animal to test their levels of skill and training in retrieving or pointing . Community trial  is a competitive event at which different people living together compete against one another. 

11. Experimental Study Design

12.   Experimental Studies: Unlike a descriptive  study , an  experiment  is a  study  in which a treatment, procedure, or program is intentionally introduced and a result or outcome is observed .

13. True experiments have four elements:   manipulation control    random assignment random selection  

14. The most important of these elements are manipulation and control . Manipulation means that something is purposefully changed by the researcher in the environment. Control is used to prevent outside factors from influencing the study outcome. When something is manipulated and controlled and then the outcome happens, it makes us more confident that the manipulation "caused" the outcome . In addition, experiments involve highly controlled and  systematic procedures in an effort to minimize  error  and  bias , which also increases our confidence that the manipulation "caused" the outcome.

15. Random assignment means that if there are groups or treatments in the experiment, participants are assigned to these groups or treatments, or randomly (like the flip of a coin). Random selection means that no matter who the participant is, he/she has an equal chance of getting into all of the groups or treatments in an experiment.