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1. GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, HASSAN DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING INTERNSHIP PRESENTATION ON INTERNET OF THINGS(IoT) Presented by: CHETHANAKUMARA H M 4GH21EC40 1 Under the Guidance of: Prof. Bhagyamma S Dept. of ECE GEC Hassan

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO IOT ARCHITECTURE OF IOT INTRODUCTION TO THINGWORX AND FUNDAMENTALS NODEMCU AND SENSORS IOT MODELING USING THINGWORX PROJECT DESIGN APPLICATION OF IOT ADVANTAGES LIMITATION CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION TO IOT The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects (things) that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. These device can collect and share data, enabling them to be remotely monitored, controlled, and even optimized for better performance. The key components of an IoT system include sensors to collect data, connectivity to transmit data over networks, cloud platforms for data storage and processing, and control It is a rapidly growing technology that has the potential to the many aspects of our lives.

4. ARCHITECTURE OF IOT

5. The architecture of IoT typically consists of four layers. They are 1. SENSING LAYER: The sensing layer is the first layer of the IoT responsible for collecting data from different sources. architecture and is 2. NETWORK LAYER: The network layer of an IoT architecture is responsible for providing communication and connectivity between devices in the IoT system. It includes protocols and technologies that enable devices to connect and communicate with each other and with the wider internet .

6. DATA PROCESSING LAYER: The data processing layer of IoT architecture refers to the software and hardware components that are responsible for collecting, analysing, and interpreting data from IoT devices. APPLICATION LAYER: The application layer of IoT architecture is the topmost layer that interacts directly with the end- user. It is responsible for providing user-friendly interfaces and functionalities that enable users to access and control IoT devices.

7. INTRODUCTION TO THINGWORX ThingWorx is a platform for the rapid development and deployment of smart, connected devices. Its set of integrated IoT development tools support connectivity, analysis, production, and other aspects of IoT development. ThingWorx offers several key tools for building applications. These tools include the Composer, the Mashup Builder, storage, a search engine, collaboration, and connectivity.

8. The Composer provides a modeling environment for design testing. ThingWorx actually requires very little programming. Users connect devices, establish a data source, establish device behaviours, and build an interface without any coding. It also offers scalability appropriate for both projects and industrial applications.

9. Different Services Provided for ThingWorx ThingWorx Foundation: ThingWorx Foundation uses the least amount of coding and uses a mash builder which is a drag and drop tool to carry out the operations. ThingWorx Analytics: ThingWorx Analytics provides a platform for performing complex analytical and mathematical operations without any prior statistical experience. manages, monitors and machines used 3. ThingWorx for Industry: ThingWorx for Industrial connectivity in the factories and the software application used to run them. 4. ThingWorx Free Trial: This service connects devices across a wide range of topology and uses Amazon Web Services IoT SDK to develop IoT solutions rapidly.

10. NODEMCU The NodeMCU is an open- source firmware and development kit based on the ESP8266 WiFi module. It allows for easy development of IoT projects with C/C++ language support and integrates GPIO, PWM, I2C, and other interfaces for sensor connectivity. It's widely used for prototyping and creating Wi-Fi- enabled projects due to its low cost and ease of use.

11. SENSORS Different types of sensors: DHT11 SENSOR : DHT11 is a low- cost digital sensor for sensing temperature and humidity. This sensor can be easily interfaced with any micro- controller such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi etc… to measure humidity and temperature instantaneously.

12. FORCE SENSOR: Force is a type of transducer, specially a force transducer. It converts an input mechanical force such as load, weight, tension, compression or pressure into another physical variable, in this case, into an electrical output signal that can be measured, converted and standardized.

13. 3. ADXL345: The ADXL345 is well suited to measure the static acceleration of gravity in tilt- sensing applications, as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion or shock.

14. 4. ULTRASONIC SENSOR: An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target object by emitting ultrasonic sound waves and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal. Ultrasonic waves travel faster than the speed of audible sound.

15. 4. FLAME SENSOR: A sensor which is most sensitive to a normal light is known as a flame sensor. This sensor detect flame within the range 760nm- 1100nm wavelength from the light source. The output of this sensor is an analog signal or digital signal.

16. IOT MODELING USING THINGWORX

17. Model: Create the scheme to store the IoT data and functionality, which is the backbone that later stages rely upon. Analyze: Aggregate and optimize the IoT data to make it easier to understand and more valuable. Connect: Establish the connection to IoT devices and enterprise system. Build: Create a user interface for your users. Deploy: Move the IoT application into a reliable, scalable and secure production system.

18. PROJECT DESIGN COMPONENT’S REQUIRED HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: NodeMCU1.0(ESP- 12E Module) LDR Sensor Jumper wires SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: ARDUNIO IDE ESP8266 LIBRARY BLYNK LIBRARIES BLYNK APPLICATION

19. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

20. HARDWARE SETUP ESP8266: This is a low- cost Wi- Fi module that can connect to the internet and collect data from sensors. LDR sensor: These sensors measure light intesity levels. Power supply for ESP8266 and sensors. Internet connection for the ESP8266 to communicate with the IoT cloud.

21. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION The LDR sensor functionality is implemented using the Arduino IDE and the ESP8266 library. The code is written in C++ and is uploaded to the NodeMcu using the Arduino IDE. The code performs the following steps: Initializes the serial communication for debugging purposes. Configures the GPIO pin connected to the LDR Sensor module as an input. Enters an infinite loop and reads the digital value from the LDR Sensor pin. If the LDR sensor output is HIGH, it indicates the value of sensor. The code displays the value in the blynk app and also sends a email to the user.

22. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION The performance of the LDR Sensor was evaluated under different light conditions and scenarios. The LDR sensor demonstrated accurate sensing of light and provided timely indications of light intensity. Light intensity range:0% to 100%. Lowest : 0% and Highest : 100%. Based on the light fed on the LDR values displayed on the blynk application.

23. APPLICATIONS OF IOT Smart Home Automation: Control lighting, temperature, security cameras, and appliances remotely. Healthcare Monitoring: Wearable devices for tracking vital signs and health parameters. Industrial IoT ( IIoT ): Monitoring and optimizing machinery, predictive maintenance, and supply chain management. Smart Agriculture: Monitoring soil moisture, temperature, and humidity for optimized crop yields. Environmental Monitoring: Tracking air quality, water quality, and pollution levels in real-time. Smart Cities: Optimizing traffic flow, managing waste, and enhancing public s

24. ADVANTAGES It can assist in the smarter control of homes and cities via mobile phones. It enhances security and offers personal protection. It minimizes human effort because IoT devices connect and communicate with one another and perform a variety of tasks without the need for human intervention. Information is easily accessible, even if we are far away from our actual location, and it is updated frequently in real time.

25. LIMITATIONS Hackers may gain access to the system and steal personal information. Since we add so many devices to the internet, there is a risk that our information as it can be misused. Deploying IoT devices is very costly and time-consuming. Many IoT devices are powered by batteries, which have limited capacity and need to be recharged or replaced frequently. It is very difficult to plan, build, manage, and enable a broad technology to IoT framework.

26. CONCLUSION The undergone internship program provided invaluable hands- on experience in designing, implementing, and troubleshooting IoT systems. Through this journey, I've gained insights into the practical challenges and innovative solutions within the IoT landscape. The project's success underscores the importance of collaboration, adaptability, and continuous learning. Moving forward, I recommend further exploration into data security, scalability, and interoperability for future IoT initiatives.