heat light and sound science how to travel the sound

science 5 heatlight

1. Heat, Light and Sound ‪news.softpedia.com 

2. Heat Temperature – measured with a thermometer. Heat – is described as the total energy of all particles within an object. 2L of water at 100°C has more energy than 1L of water at 100°C . 2L contains twice as many particles and therefore, twice as much heat energy.

3. 1L of water will heat quicker than 2L because there are fewer particles. The particles each absorb more energy and move faster.

4. Temperature Is an indicator of how hot or cold something is. Hotter substances have particles that are moving faster (more kinetic energy) than cooler substances. ‪allisonarchived.com 

5. Liquids expand when heated and contract when cooled – this is how a glass thermometer works. Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius °C, degrees Fahrenheit °F, and Kelvin K. ‪ cnx.org

6. Heat Transfer Heat flows from areas of higher temperature to areas of lower temperature. The greater the temperature difference the faster the heat flows from one object to another. Processes of heat transfer Conduction Convection Radiation ‪www.roasterproject.com

7. Conduction Is heat transfer by vibrating particles. Heat from warm objects melts ice. A hot mug transfers heat to hands. Conductors (e.g. copper wire) and insulators (e.g. rubber).

8. Convection When air is heated the particles have more energy and move apart. Hot air is less dense than cool air – hot air rises. ‪ beodom.com

9. Radiation The transfer of heat energy from the Sun is by radiation. Radiation transmits heat as waves at the speed of light. All objects release infra-red radiation – the hotter something is the more heat is radiates. ‪www.bbc.co.uk 

10. Dark coloured objects are good absorbers of heat e.g. a black car. Light coloured objects reflect more radiation and heat slower. Clear materials such as glass transmit radiated heat. ‪www.widewallz.comm

11. Sound Sound is produced when something vibrates. A sound wave occurs when air particles alternate between being bunched together (compression) and spread out (rarefactions). Sound waves rely on particles – either a solid, liquid or gas.

12. Transverse wave e.g. how an ocean wave travels to the shore while a boat just moves up and down. Longitudinal wave – Sound wave i.e. the particles that make up the wave move in the same direction the wave is travelling. ‪w3.shorecrest.org 

13. Speed of Sound Sound travels faster through a solid than a liquid, and faster through liquids than solids. Think about the number of particles in each. Hard surfaces reflect sound – echo. Soft surfaces absorb sound and convert it into heat. ‪apod.nasa.gov

14. Frequency and Pitch A source that vibrates rapidly produces sound of higher pitch (frequency). Frequency of a wave is the number of vibrations a sound makes per second. Frequency is measured in Hertz, Hz. Wavelength is the distance between successive peaks (measured in metres). Ultrasound – sound waves with frequencies above our hearing range. Infrasound – lower than our hearing range. ‪www.mediacollege.com 

15. ‪www.widexconnect.ca 

16. Light Light is a form of energy known as electromagnetic radiation. Light travels as an electromagnetic wave. Light travels through the vacuum of space – unlike sound. It travels at 300 000 km/s ‪ thejetlife.com

17. Light can be transmitted through transparent material (glass), reflected through translucent material (paper), and reflected or absorbed by opaque material (brick wall). Luminous objects emit light. Most objects do not produce there own light. You see them because light bounces off them and into your eyes.

18. Reflection ‪www.elateafrica.org

19. The Law of Reflection ‪ allmaths.blogspot.com

20. Plane Mirrors When viewing yourself in a flat mirror your reflection appears reversed. This is known as lateral inversion. ‪www.telegraph.co.uk 

21. Refraction Refraction occurs when light travels from one transparent substance into another e.g. air to water. Light is bent when it travels from water into air. ‪www.clipart.dk.co.uk  ‪dickinsonn.ism-online.org

22. ‪ cnx.org ‪www.tutorvista.com 

23. Light travels at different speeds through difference substances – bending or refraction of light as it passes from one substance to another. The refractive index is a measure of how easily light travels through different substances. Light travels more slowly through glass and diamonds, than air.

24. Total Internal Reflection ‪cnx.org

25. Convex Lenses Convex lenses cause light rays to converge. ‪www.passmyexams.co.uk

26. Concave Lenses Concave lenses cause light rays to diverge. ‪www.passmyexams.co.uk

27. How We See In the eye, refraction occurs when light passes from the air to the cornea, from the cornea to the aqueous humor, from the aqueous humor to the lens and from the lens to the vitreous humor. Light spreading out from one point on an object can therefore be focused on a particular point on the retina.

28. ‪www.selectspecs.com

29. The wavelengths can be detected by the light-sensitive cells called rods and cones present in the eye.

30. Cornea - The cornea is the transparent membrane which forms the outer coating at the front of the eyeball and covers the iris and pupil. It also focuses light on the retina.  www.sciencephoto.com

31. Retina - is the light-sensitive inner lining of the back of the eye. Imagine that the eye is like a camera, and the retina is the film. Rays of light enter the eye and are focused on the retina by the cornea and lens. The retina produces an image which is sent along the optic nerve for the brain to interpret, rather like developing a camera film.

32. Lens - a transparent body behind the iris, the coloured part of the eye. The lens bends light rays so that they form a clear image at the back of the eye – on the retina. As the lens is elastic, it can change shape, getting fatter to focus close objects and thinner for distant objects.

33. Myopia Myopia is short-sightedness. A person with myopia sees objects that are close clearly but objects in the distance are out of focus. Rays from distant objects are focused in front of the retina rather than on the retina. The usual cause of myopia is that the eyeball is too long. Some forms of myopia improve with age.

34. Hyperopia Hyperopia is long-sightedness. A person with hyperopia sees objects that are in the distance clearly but close objects are out of focus. Rays from distant objects are focused behind the retina rather than on the retina. The usual cause of hyperopia is that the eyeball is too short or that the lens gradually hardens with age, reducing its power of accommodation.