HEIRARCHICAL TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION.pptx

HEIRARCHICAL TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION.pptx

1. Science 8 Wowie Segales

2. What will you feel if your room is like this?

3. Why do we classify things?

4. Learning Objectives describe the criteria used by taxonomists to classify organisms, including morphological, genetic, and evolutionary characteristics. classify organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system;

5. Heirarchical Taxnomoic Classification System Science 8: Taxonomy Wowie Segales

6. Classification Taxonomy is the branch of science that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary.

7. Early System of Classification Aristotle grouped everything into simple groups such as animals or plants. Organisms were first classified more than 2,000 years.

8. System of Classification The modern classification system was developed by the Swedish scientist Carolus Linnaeus in mid 1700's. Some characteristics he used to classify organisms were outside appearance, internal organs, and how body systems worked.

9. System of Classification He also developed a Hierarchy (a ranking system) for classifying organisms that the Basis for Modern Taxonomy. For this reason he is considered to be the “ Father of Modern Taxonomy ”.

10. Binomial Nomenclature System of giving every organism two names. Genus Name – Always capitalized (e.g., Homo ) Species Name – Always lowercase (e.g., sapiens) Example: Homo sapiens (Humans) Panthera leo (Lion)

11. Binomial Nomenclature Rules of Binomial Nomenclature The names are usually in Latin or Latinized form. The genus name is capitalized, but the species name is lowercase. The entire name is italicized when typed or underlined when handwritten. The name must be unique to avoid confusion in classification. It follows a standardized system set by ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) for animals and ICN (International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants).

12. Classification Kingdom - the highest and most comprehensive level of classification Phylum - group of related classes Class - group of relates orders Order - group of related families Family - group of related genera Genus - group of related species Species - group of similar individuals capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.

13. Three Domains The Three-Domain System was proposed by Carl Woese in 1990. He introduced this classification based on differences in ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ) sequences, which led to the recognition of three domains of life.

14. Three Domains Bacteria – Prokaryotic microorganisms with peptidoglycan in their cell walls. Archaea – Prokaryotic organisms that differ from bacteria in membrane structure and genetic makeup; many live in extreme environments. Eukarya – Organisms with eukaryotic cells, including protists , fungi, plants, and animals.

15. Five Kingdoms Classification

16. Five Kingdoms Classification

17. Modern Taxonomic Hierarchy