Herbal drug have a Cns depressant

Herbal drug have a Cns depressant effects

2. central nervous systemof the depressionRefers to physiological
that can result in decreased rate of breathing, decreased heart
rate, and loss of consciousness possibly leading to coma or
death. CNS depression is specifically the result of inhibited brain
activity.
CNS depressants, sometimes referred to as sedatives and
tranquilizers, are substances that can slow brain activity. This
property makes them useful for treating anxiety and sleep
disorders.
Central nervous system
or CNS depressiondepression

3. , such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax), Benzodiazepines
are sometimes prescribed to treat anxiety, acute stress reactions, and
panic attacks. The more sedating benzodiazepines, such as triazolam
(Halcion) and estazolam (ProSom) are prescribed for short-term
treatment of sleep disorders. Usually, benzodiazepines are not
prescribed for longterm use because of the risk for developing
tolerance, dependence, or addiction.
sleep medications, such as zolpidem (Ambien), benzodiazepine-Non
eszopiclone (Lunesta), and zalepon (Sonata), have a different chemical
structure, but act on some of the same brain receptors as
benzodiazepines. They are thought to have fewer side effects and less
risk of dependence than benzodiazepines.
, such as mephobarbital (Mebaral), phenobarbital (Luminal Barbiturates
Sodium), and pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal), are used less
frequently to reduce anxiety or to help with sleep problems because of
their higher risk of overdose compared to benzodiazepines. However,
they are still used in surgical procedures and for seizure disorders.

Among the medications commonly prescribed for these
purposes are the following:

6. How do CNS depressants affect the brain and body?
Most CNS depressants act on the brain by affecting the
neurotransmitter gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA).
Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that facilitate
communication between brain cells. Although the
different classes of CNS depressants work in unique
ways, it is through their ability to increase GABA—and
thereby inhibit brain activity—that they produce a
drowsy or calming effect beneficial to those suffering
from anxiety or sleep disorders.

8. .…Drugs depressionof CNS Examples
 Nerium oleander Linn. (Kaner) belongs to the
family Apocynaceae .
 Passion Flower , Family: Passifloraceae ( Nutra doze ).
 Nyctanthes arbortristis linn .
 Kava kava drug .
 Ixora coccinea Linn.
 Donnatal .
 Dormival .

9. Nerium oleander Linn .
(Kaner) belongs to the
. It is a large glabrousApocynaceaefamily
evergreen shrub that produces milky juice. It
is native to Iran, the Mediterranean region, as
well as India.
The flowers are salver-shaped pink or white
without any fragrance .

10. Some studies on it ,
A recent study has established that the hot aqueous extract of N.
oleander leaves.
(Anvirzel) inhibits fibroblast growth factor-2 and also has anti-tumor
activity. Another study demonstrated that the leaf extract has
antibacterial and sedative-hypnotic activities
and also affects behavioral pattern in mice [4]. The dried and fresh
flowers and seeds of the plant
have been reported to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory activity against
carrageenan
hind paw edema model in mice without inducing any gastric damage .
Although the leaves and the root have been the subject of several
studies, there has been
little investigation of the flowers. The objective of this study, therefore,
was to
investigate the anticonvulsant activities of the 50 % hydroalcohol flower
extract.

11. .diazepamComparing to standard
Effect of extract on maximal electroshock
convulsions (MEC)
The higher dose of the extract (200 mg/kg)
was more effective than the lower dose in
lowering MEC. However, while the lower
dose failed to provide protection against
convulsion, the higher dose provided 60
% protection, compared with 100 % for
the reference standard, diazepam.

12. Passion
Botanical Name : Passiflora Incarnata

Passiflora species are native to tropical and subtropical areas of the
Americas In the United States and India .
Family: Passifloraceae
Part used : flower and seeds .


Active constituents :
Passion contains several active constituents, including the flavonoids, apigenin ,
kaempferol, and vitexin .
cyanogenic glycosides, and Harman indole alkaloids

13. Uses
Orally, is used for insomnia, generalized anxiety disorder
(GAD), nervousness and excitability.
Passion has been used to treat sleep disorders and
historically in homeopathic medicine to treat pain,
insomnia related to neurasthenia or hysteria, and
nervous exhaustion.
Topically, is used in bath preparations, for hemorrhoids,
burns, and inflammation.
In foods and beverages, its extracts is used as a
flavoring.

14. Natural Passion Fruit Flavor For Baking,
Beverages and Ice Cream
Clear and Colorless Will Not Discolor
Butter Cream
Gluten & Sugar Free
Kosher

15. Mechanism of action :

The passion constituent apigenin binds to central
benzodiazepine receptors, possibly causing anxiolytic
effects without impairing memory or motor skills .
Passion extracts might reduce amphetamine-induced
hypermotility, aggressiveness, and restlessness; and
increasing sedative .

Contraindications :
Pregnancy/Lactation

16. Interactions
Has CNS depressant effects.
Theoretically, passion might cause additive CNS depression when
combined with anesthesia and other medications such as
Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates .
Side effect :
Orally, passion can cause dizziness, confusion, sedation .

17. Nyctanthes arbortristis linn .
Nyctanthes arbortristis linn . Family oleaceae .
Known as Night Jasmin
Part used is Leaves And seeds .
Active constituents :
Ethanol extracts of seeds , leaves and flowers .
Seeds: The seeds contain arbortristosides A and B;
glycerides of linoleic, oleic, lignoceric, stearic, palmitic and
myristic acids; nyctanthic acid; 3,4-secotriterpene acid; and
a water soluble polysaccharide composed of D-glucose and
D-mannose.

18. Uses :
Hypnotic and sedative activity . Diuretic, Antioxidant, Anti-
inflammatory,
Antibacterial, Antifungal, Immunomodulatory .

Mechanism of action,
The study show that CNS depression
may be due to the decrease in
dopamine and increase in 5-
hydroxytryptamine level in the brain .

19. .Donnatal Drug
Generic name : belladonna alkaloids .
Donnatal is a proprietary combination medication for
treatment of intestinal cramping due to various causes .
are listed as : Active ingredients
Phenobarbital , hyoscyamin , atropin and scopolamine .
The latter three ingredients being found in plants of the
solanaceae family .

20. Donnatal is a mild CNS sedative.
Donnatal is an an anti cholinergic and
barbiturate combination .
It works by decreasing the motion of
muscles that make a mild sedative …





C.I pregnancy
Glaucoma
heart problems
blood disorder

21. More common side effects .
Constipation
Decreased sweating
Dizziness
Dry mouse
Headache
Loss of memory
weakness

22. Kava Drug
Kava is a depressant drug, which means it slows down the
messages travelling between the brain and the body.
Part used
Kava is made from the root or seeds and stump of the kava (Piper
methysticum) shrub .

How is it used ?
Pacific Islands
Traditionally, Pacific Islanders crushed, chewed and ground the root and stump of
the shrub, then soaked it in cold water to produce a drink for ceremonies and
cultural practices. These rituals were said to strengthen ties among groups, reaffirm
status and help people communicate with spirits.
Many Pacific Islanders who have settled in Australia have continued drinking kava
or using kava extracts.

23. Herbal preparations of kava kava
Kava extract is used in some herbal
preparations. They are sold as over-the-
counter tablets and preparations to be
used in the treatment of insomnia,
stress and anxiety.

24. Effects of Kava
Kava affects everyone differently, based on:
Size, weight and health
Whether the person is used to taking it
Whether other drugs are taken around the same time
The amount taken
The strength of the drug

The following effects may be experienced:
Feeling happy and relaxed
Mild sleepiness
Numb mouth and throat
Reduced or loss of appetite

25. If a large amount of kava is taken
Drowsiness
Nausea
Loss of muscle control
Mild fever
Pupil dilation and red eyes

26. Side effects .

Apathy
Dry, scaly skin
Malnutrition and severe weight loss
Getting infections more easily
Shortness of breath
Chest pains
Needing to use more to get the same effect
Financial, work and social problems

27. Drug Drug interaction .

Using kava with other drugs
The effects of taking kava with other drugs – including
over-the-counter or prescribed medications – can be
unpredictable and dangerous, and could cause:
Kava + alcohol: increased drowsiness, impaired
reflexes and risk of liver damage.
Kava + benzodiazepines : increased sedation.

28. Linn.Ixora coccinea
Ixora coccinea Linn belonging to the family Rubiaceae is a plant native to
India. It is also called Jungle Jeranium.
It has been traditionally used in eczema, irregular menstruation, diarrhea,
as an antiseptic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer .
the study of its CNS depression activity tell us that it can be used a herbal
sedative .
Active constituents : flavonoids
Uses :
Hypnotic and sedative activity .
Sleep disorders
Relaxation

29. Side effects :
Nausea
Loss of muscle control

30. Dormival

Each capsule contains:
Valeriana Dry Extract
Humulus Lupulus Soft Extract
It is a species of flowering plant in the Cannabaceae family.
Indications:
1- Insomnia and sleep disorders.
2- Nervousness and Anxiety disorders.
powerful sedative and hypnotic extracts which act synchronously
to achieve sedation and sleep disorders .

31. Mechanism of action ..

Valeriana extract in Dormival capsule was found to be effective in
reducing the sleep induction time,and this effect was thought
to be due to its action on GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) as
valeriana extract increases the level of GABA at the synaptic
cleft through decreasing its re-uptake, valeriana extract also
contains high levels of glutamine which crosses the blood brain
barrier and is converted to
GABA. GABA and Glutamine are considered inhibitory
neurotransimitters responsible for sleep induction and
sedation. Humulus Lupulus Soft Extract in Dormival composed
of humulone,lupulone,Volatiie oil (humulenel.resins and
flavonoids which have a sedative and sleep-inducing effects.

32. long -term administration may cause
headache,resltlessness, insomnia, mydriasis, and disorders of
cardiac function .
Contraindications:
Use of valeriana during pregnancy or in nursing mothers is not
recommended.
Drug Interaction:
Valeriana may potentiate the effect of eNS depressants,
barbiturates and
benzodiazepines.