Hereditary acquired 17.6.22.pptx

Pathophysiology B.pharm 1st year sem-2
Ashoakrao mane college of pharmacy

1. Hereditary acquired anemia (Hemolytic anemia) UNIT III Hematological diseases BY. BILAL JAMADAR

2. Hemolytic ANEMIA Hemolytic anemia is anemia due to rise in the rate of red cell destruction in blood stream Two factors can causes the body to destroy its red blood cells A. Inherited : due to mutated genes from parents. B. Acquired : condition develops later due to failure of immune system

3. DESTUCTION OF REED BLOOD CELLS Destruction of red cells occurs by two mechanism :- A .Red cells undergoes lysis in the circulation and release their contents into plasma ( INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS ) B .Red cells are taken up by cells of the RE (Reticuloendothelial system) where they are destroyed and digested ( Extravascular Hemolysis) Extravascular Heamolysis is more common

4. TYPES OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA A . Immune hemolytic anemia : In this the immume system destroyes red blood cells Immune hemolytic anemia has three types 1 .AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA : In this condition, immune system makes antibodies that attack red blood cells. 2. ALLOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA : This type of hemolytic anemia occurs if body makes antibodies against red blood cells that get from wrong blood transfusion 3. DRUG-INDUCED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA : Certain medication alter normal function of immune system to make it think the body's own red blood cell are dangerous

5. B. Non immune hemolytic anemia : It occurs due to non- immunological reasons such as microbial infection, mechanical trauma ,antiviral agents ,toxins , acute viral hepatitis. Immune hemolytic anemia Autoimmune Alloimmune Drugs warm cold Hemolytic Transfusion reation Hemolytic Disease of The newborn TYPES OF IMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

6. CAUSES Chemicals ,drugs and toxins Infections Wrong blood group transfusion Cancers Complication of another disease Past blood transfusion Pregnancy

7. Symptoms Felling weak or tired more Headaches Problems concentrating or thinking Lightheadedness when you stand up Pale skin colour Shortness of breath Sore toung

8. DIAGNOSIS Absolute reticulocyte count Direct or indirect coombs test Hemoglobin in the urine RBCs, Hemoglobin,Hematocrit Serum free hemoglobin Platelet count Free hemoglobin in serum or urine

9. TREATMENT The first treatment is steroid medicines (prednisone) The second is treatment with intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG) Removal of spleen (splenectomy) Blood transfusions are given with caution Drugs like Cytoxan , Imuran , Rituxan are also used

10. PREVENTION Screening for antibodies in donated blood and in the recipient may prevent hemolytic anemia related to blood transfusion

11. REFERANCE DR.C.M.JANGME,R.D.WDULAR,SHIVKUMAR S.LADDE,DR.B.N.POUL, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, FEBRURY 2019, SHIVAJI NAGARJ.M.ROAD PUNE, 3 rd EDITION ,NIRALI PUBLICATION,PAGE NO.7.10,11,12,13.