Heydar Aliyev Center Structural system and materials

In this presentation structural components and materials used in Heydar Aliyev Center by Zaha Hadid Architects are shown.

1. Heydar Aliyev Center By Zaha Hadid Architects Prepared By: Sasan Safar University of Duhok , Collage of Engineering, Architecture Dep. 2018-2019

2. Content Introduction Concept, Spaces Structural System Foundation System Material used Conclusion

3. Introduction Architects: Zaha Hadid architects, Zaha Hadid , Patrik Schumacher Year of Construction: 2007-2012 Roof Height: 74 meters Built Area: 57,510m2 Floors: 9 Loaction : Baku, Azerbaijan Cost: $250 million US The Heydar Aliyev Center, with 57,519 m2 built, is a complex of buildings designed by British Iraqi architect Zaha Hadid , noted for its architecture and fluid curved style that avoids sharp angles . The Heydar Aliyev Center, an internationally recognized architectural work, has become a benchmark in the modern Baku, due to its innovative and cutting edge design. - The building was nominated for the World Architecture Festival and Inside Biennial Festival in 2013.

4. Concept, Space The structure accompanying Hadid variations within the unit. With a continuous self- processing design in all directions, there is little sense of limits, and no indication of completion is an immersion in a bath of space. The immateriality of a building varies between white, whiter and even whiter depending on the incidence of the sun on their surfaces, give a weightless character, releasing gravitational visitors obligations. As an object, the building is subjective, causing strong feelings triggered by the suspension of physical gravity . An agile spatial structure of two layers, is the main support of the double jacket which are smoothly curved along the top and bottom of the outer casing, the structural frame and concealing emphasizing the surface rather structure , as if the building was all effect and not cause . Represents a fluid form that emerges by the folding of the natural topography of the landscape and the wrapping of individual functions within.  All features, together with the inputs are represented by folds in one continuous outer surface. Fluidly connecting the various cultural spaces and at the same time, provide each member of the Centre its own identity and privacy .

5. Construction Details The building Structural System is combined System which consists of two main systems that collaborate : concrete structure combined with a system of Space Frame . Reinforced Concrete Structure Space Frame System Combined

6. Construction Details Space Frame The space frame enables the construction of this free from structure while offering significant savings in time thought-out the construction process. The surface geometry driven by the architecture, dictates the need to pursue unconventional structural solutions ; the introduction of curved ‘Boot Columns’ to achieve the inverse peel of the surface from the ground at the west, and the cantilever beams ‘dovetails’ tapering towards the free end supporting building envelop at the east . The substructure enables the incorporation of a flexible relationship between the rigid structural grid of the space frame and free-formed exterior cladding seams which derive from complex geometry rationalization, architectural aesthetics and usage. Boot Columns Boot Columns Boot Columns Boot Columns

7. Construction Details Reinforced concrete System Reinforced concrete is mainly used to construct shear walls as the partition to separate main spaces and to support the spaceframe. It also used to construct the footing of the building . Reinforced Concrete Structure

8. Construction Details Spatial Nodes Due to the large span of the space frame, it is connected to the reinforced concrete structure in addition to the support of the columns and directly to the foundation, in order to maintain the stability of the structure as much as possible. The method of maintaining stability is to extend the steel core beam from the reinforced concrete core tube, fix the vertical steel member to the joist, and connect the space frame to the joist. As shown in the figure, the space frame will be subjected to a large bending moment. In order to solve this problem and ensure structural stability, the structural engineer will thicken the space grid here, from other parts of single layer into multi-layer, to provide adequate bending resistance.

9. Construction Details Foundation Two types of foundation systems have been used: 1.Concrete Raft Foundation With thickness of 1m-3.1m 2.Concrete Piles: As Earthquakes are one of the biggest threats to construction in Baku, the building must be reinforced by massive 150ft long concrete piles buried below the Earth’s surface to withstand an earthquake measuring up to magnitude 7.0. Interior Systems Slabs : Rigid concrete system 12cm-80cm Hall Ceilings : Open web Trusses 1.5m-2.2m

10. Material and Skin -Reinforced Concrete: 121,000 cubic meters -Mold Steel 19,000 tons of mold steel -Formwork 194,000 tons of form work -Panels: 17,000 panels of reinforced polyester And 5,500 tons of structural steel to hold them -Semi reflective glass for facade

11. Conclusion The design of the Heydar Aliyev Center establishes a continuous, fluid relationship between its surrounding plaza and the building’s interior. This was achieved by using an ingenious and elegant structure system, which has two collaborating systems : a concrete structure combined with a space frame system. Because vertical structural elements are absorbed by the envelope and curtain wall system, the large-scale column-free spaces can allow the visitor to experience the fluidity of the interior. Another important issue is the building’s skin . To make the surface so continuous that it appears homogenous, a broad range of different functions, construction logics and technical systems were brought together and integrated into the building’s envelope. It makes the building appear homogenous since different parts were covered and connected. From this case, by analyzing the structural system and its relation with the exterior skin, we have seen how the structure design can better help the design concept come true.