HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHeredity_Notes.ppt

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1. Heredity NotesHeredity Notes

2. DNADNA
DNA- (Deoxyribonucleic DNA- (Deoxyribonucleic
acid)-acid)- genetic material genetic material
that carries the information that carries the information
about an organism and is about an organism and is
passed from parent to passed from parent to
offspring.offspring.
Humans contain Humans contain 23 pairs 23 pairs
of chromosomesof chromosomes- a - a total total
of 46 chromosomesof 46 chromosomes (23 (23
from mom and 23 from from mom and 23 from
dad).dad).

3. HeredityHeredity
HeredityHeredity-the passing of traits from parents -the passing of traits from parents
to offspring.to offspring.

4. Back to NucleusBack to Nucleus
DNA is loose strands in the nucleus DNA is loose strands in the nucleus
(chromatin(chromatin), but once a cell gets ready to ), but once a cell gets ready to
divide, it produces divide, it produces condensed strands condensed strands
(Chromosomes).(Chromosomes).
Chromosomes must replicate before they Chromosomes must replicate before they
can divide. Why? You don’t want to lose can divide. Why? You don’t want to lose
half of yourself do you?half of yourself do you?

5. DNA are made up four different nitrogen DNA are made up four different nitrogen
bases pairs. bases pairs. Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Adenine (A), Thymine (T),
Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) are the Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) are the
nitrogen basesnitrogen bases. .
Adenine always pairs with Thymine and Adenine always pairs with Thymine and
Guanine always pairs with Cytosine. Guanine always pairs with Cytosine.
With these four base pairs, there are With these four base pairs, there are
8,000,000 possible outcomes between two 8,000,000 possible outcomes between two
parents and the arrangement of parents and the arrangement of
chromosomes.chromosomes.

6. Heredity VocabularyHeredity Vocabulary
GeneGene- a set of information that controls a - a set of information that controls a
trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome
that codes for a specific trait (hair color, that codes for a specific trait (hair color,
eye color, ear lobes).eye color, ear lobes).
TraitsTraits- characteristics that an organism - characteristics that an organism
can be pass on to its offspring through its can be pass on to its offspring through its
genes.genes.

7. Heredity Vocab ContinuedHeredity Vocab Continued
Alleles-Alleles- the different forms of a gene. the different forms of a gene.
Homozygous traitHomozygous trait- having two identical - having two identical
alleles for a trait.alleles for a trait.
Heterozygous traitHeterozygous trait- having different - having different
alleles for a trait. alleles for a trait.
GenotypeGenotype- genetic make up.- genetic make up.
PhenotypePhenotype- physical appearance or - physical appearance or
visible trait.visible trait.