High-precision measurement of the W boson mass Particle Physics Experiment at CDF and its implications on Standard Modal (1).pptx

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1. 1 High-precision measurement of the W boson mass at CDF and its implications on Standard Modal Basic Principals of reality Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority

2. TOPIC   Research Paper : High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector and its implications on Future physics (April 8,2022) Article : https :// www.bbc.com /news/science-environment-60993523 Article Highlight : Shock result in particle experiment could spark physics revolution 2

3. Inside the Presentation Introduction and Scope Standard Modal of physics (lecture points) Classification of particles Application S.M Forces of nature and there applications Particle Colliders Designs and Applications PA in the world ( Main features of facility (collider pics ) Other alike facilities (Chinese super collider current status) The CDF scope & Purpose of PC collaboration comprises 400 scientists at 54 institutions in 23 countries CDF Experiment and Analysis–NEWS Article Experimental Setup and initial conditions Specific objective Physics Beyond the Standard Model Implication of results on S.M Lesson of PNRA Work Force Results & Other alike experimental studies Interpretation of experimental results 3

4. Scope What is so revolutionary about results of CDF How important is the discovery of new force or particle ? Physics Beyond the SM 4

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6. SM 6

7. What we are made off ? What are the fundamental building blocks of the universe, you, me, stars and everything else 7

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9. Accelerator designs An example of this process is LHC and CDF P-P collider e-P e-e+ 9

10. Accelerator Designs Accelerators are shaped in one of two ways: Liner Accelerator Linacs: Linear accelerators, in which the particle starts at one end and comes out the other. Circular Accelerator Accelerators built in a circle, in which the particle goes around and around and around. Cyclotron Synchrotrons NOTE: Einstein's famous equation E=mc 2 tells us that energy and mass are equivalent. Thus the energy of a particle beam can convert into mass, creating a fascinating wealth of additional particles, many of them highly unstable and not normally found in nature. 10

11. LINIC and Cyclotron PICS 11

12. LHC 12

13. Introduction - - Collider Detector Fermi Lab (CDF) CDF ( Collider Detector at Fermilab ) is an experiment conducted at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (near Chicago, USA) studying the collision of protons and anti-protons at a center of mass energy of 2 TeV . The experiment has been collecting data in two main phases (CDF-I and CDF-II) since the mid 80's and completed the data taking in September 2011, listing amongst its successes the discovery of the top quark in 1995 13

14. CDF pics and SPecs 14

15. LHC pics and specs 15

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17. LHC vs CDF 17

18. Chinese Super Colliders - Future Collider Projects CEPC is projected to have a maximum 240 GeV center-of-mass energy of.  100 meters (330 ft) underground 100 km (62 mi) circumference 2030 Operational year After 2040, the collider could be upgraded into the Super Proton-Proton Collider with collision energies 7 times greater than the LHC. 18

19. TV as Liner Accelerator Televisions use the same principles as LINAC, but on a much smaller scale. Televisions and particle accelerators have a lot in common: Particle source Bending Magnets Particle detector 19

20. All the universe can be remade by rearranging same 3 particles over and over and again 20

21. Scope & Purpose The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) experimental collaboration studies high energy proton-antiproton collisions from data collected through 2011. The goal is to discover the identity and properties of the particles that make up the universe and to understand the forces and interactions between those particles. 21

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23. Understanding Standard Modal 23

24. SM T he Standard Model is an amalgamation based on the work of thousands of independent scientists, and its predictions have weathered decades of experimental testing. By the 1960s, physicists had built up quite a collection of what they considered to be fundamental particles—discrete pieces of matter that could not be broken down any further into constituent parts. There were so many different particles, they referred to them as the “particle zoo.”  24

25. Evaluation of standard modal 25

26. Predictions of SM that Came true The Standard Model predicted the existence of the  W and Z bosons ,  gluon ,  top quark  and  charm quark , and predicted many of their properties before these particles were observed. The predictions were experimentally confirmed with good precision. [43] The Standard Model also predicted the existence of the  Higgs boson , which was found in 2012 at the  Large Hadron Collider , the final fundamental particle predicted by the Standard Model to be experimentally confirmed 26

27. About Experiment - Details of Attached NEWS Article 27

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33. Other Contradicting Theories/results/Article Phenomena not explained There are fundamental physical phenomena in nature that the Standard Model does not adequately explain: Gravity . The standard model does not explain gravity. The approach of simply adding a  graviton  to the Standard Model does not recreate what is observed experimentally without other modifications, as yet undiscovered, Dark matter . Cosmological observations tell us the standard model explains about 5% of the energy present in the universe. About 26% should be dark matter which would behave just like other matter, Yet, the Standard Model does not supply any fundamental particles that are good dark matter candidates. Dark energy . The remaining 69% of the universe's energy should consist of the so-called dark energy, a constant energy density for the vacuum. Attempts to explain dark energy in terms of  vacuum energy  of the standard model lead to a mismatch ] Neutrino  masses . According to the standard model, neutrinos are massless particles. However, experiments have shown that neutrinos do have mass. Mass terms for the neutrinos can be added to the standard model by hand, but these lead to new theoretical problems. Matter–antimatter asymmetry . The universe is made out of mostly matter. However, the standard model predicts that matter and antimatter should have been created in (almost) equal amounts if the initial conditions of the universe did not involve disproportionate matter relative to antimatter. Yet, there is no mechanism in the Standard Model to sufficiently explain this asymmetry. 33

34. Implication of results on S.M 34

35. Conclusion of research work In conclusion, we report a new measurement of the boson mass with the complete dataset collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to 8.8 fb − 1of integrated luminosity. This measurement,MW ¼ 80 ; 433 : 5 T 9 : 4MeV, is more precise than all previous measurements of MW combined and subsumes all previous CDF measurements from 1.96-TeV data (38,39,41,43).A comparison with the SM expectation ofMW ¼ 80 ; 357 T 6MeV(10), treating the quoted uncertainties as independent, yields a difference with a significance of 7.0 s and suggests the possibility of improvements to the SM calculation or of extensions to the SM. 35

36. Lesson of PNRA Work Force 36

37. What is origin, composition and  History of the universe What is dark matter? What is dark energy? Where did  Earth 's water come from? How do planets form? What Planets are made off? Origin of universe? Origin of Life Why all planets are round? 37

38. Open Questions in Physics What is Cosmic inflation ? Where did all the antimatter go? Is dark matter a  particle ? What is the cause of the observed  accelerating expansion of the universe   Why is there far more  matter  than  antimatter  in the  observable universe ? 38