High tech architecture

high tech

1. HIGH TECH ARCHITECTURE Presenter- JOWELSHA BAJRACHARYA 075BAR020

2. INTRODUCTION Also known as Late Modernism or Structural Expressionism, it is an architectural style that emerged in the 1970s , It incorporates elements of high-tech industry and technology into building designs Influenced by engineering and new technology, High Tech is a style that accentuates a building's construction . It was a concept of design, based on engineering, construction and other aspects, such as the manipulation of space. Many of its themes and ideas were absorbed into the language of the post-modern architectural schools.

3. TIMELINE OF DEVELOPMENT This category serves as a bridge between modernism and post-modernism , however there remain gray areas as to where one category ends and the other begins. In the 1980s, high-tech architecture became more difficult to distinguish from post-modern architecture.

4. PRINCIPLES OF HIGH TECH ARCHITECTURE

5. CHARACTERISTICS   Utilizing new advances in technology and   building materials, it emphasizes transparency in design and construction, seeking to communicate the underlying structure and function of a building throughout its interior and  exterior .  High-tech utilizes a focus on factory aesthetics  and a large central space serviced by many smaller maintenance areas to evoke a feeling of openness, honesty, and transparency . Like Brutalism , Structural Expressionist buildings reveal their structure on the outside as well as the inside, but with visual emphasis placed on the internal steel and/or concrete skeletal structure as opposed to exterior concrete walls.

6. Common elements include hanging or overhanging floors, a lack of internal load-bearing walls, and reconfigurable spaces. Some buildings incorporate prominent, bright colors in an attempt to evoke the sense of a drawing or diagram . Early high-tech buildings were referred to as "serviced sheds" due to their exposure of mechanical services in addition to the structure .   Not all high-tech designs are made to accommodate truly mass-produced materials, but nonetheless seek to convey a sense of factory creation and broad distribution . However prominent the industrial look appeared , the functional element of modern architecture was very much retained.

7. In architecture, high tech design involves the use of the materials associated with high tech industries of the 1980's and 1990's, such as space frames, metal cladding and composite fabrics and materials High-tech architecture makes extensive use of  aluminium ,  steel,  glass , and to a lesser extent concrete (the technology for which had developed earlier), as these materials were becoming more advanced and available in a wider variety of forms at the time Generally , advancements in a trend towards lightness of weight . Technical elements such as solar cells and blinds are a modern element , especially when put together in a repetition MATERIALS USED

8. STRUCTURAL FORM   Tensile structures, cross beams, and exposed support and maintenance elements are all important components found in high-tech designs . A focus on strong, simplistic, and transparent elements all connect high-tech as a style to the principles of engineering The ventilation ducts are all prominently shown on the outside. This was a radical design, as previous ventilation ducts would have been a component hidden on the inside of the building. Not only does it look expensive , this style of architecture is also recognized by the use of extensive straight lines and dramatic curves with vast glazing envelope to enable a direct view from the exterior. Use of prefabricated structural building parts manufactured from factories

9. Associated with industrial-like style and the implementation of an advance technology of the construction world . High tech architecture resembles the collaboration of the art of power, urban living, minimalist concept and masculine feature CYBERTECTURE EGG,MUMBAI

10. PIONEERS OF HIGH TECH ARCHITECTURE NORMAN FOSTER RICHARD ROGERS RENZO PIANO SANTIAGO CALATRAVA NICHOLAS GRIMSHAW I.M PEI

11. SIR NORMAN FOSTER Born on June 1, 1935 at Manchester, England Graduated from Manchester University School of Architecture and Yale University Significant Project : American Hanger at the Imperial War Museum, Duxford Awards - Riba Royal Gold Medal 1983 - Knighthood from the Queen 1990 - Pritzker Architecture Award 1999

12. FAMOUS WORKS One of his finest design considering the crucial need of natural lighting and energy saving. This commercial office tower uses a dramatic exoskeleton steel trusses with vast exterior glazing to express the sensation of high technological era . With huge atrium decorated with escalators and glass walls, it also demonstrates the use of natural light scoop for lighting inside the grand atrium in daylight times instead of using artificial lighting Hongkong and Shanghai Bank London City Hall The London's city hall “The Egg” is one of Foster’s latest design in the UK with extensive use of glass cladding . It was completed in 2003 within the riverside urban context city of London plus technology of environmental design blended with modern high-tech style.

13. The Gherkin It was completed in 2003. It has a cone-like shape to reduce the wind turbulence around the top. Windows in light wells open automatically to augment the air conditioning system with natural ventilation, an occurrence anticipated to save energy for up to 40% of the year . The floor plans are shaped like flowers, with a circular perimeter indented by 6 triangular light courts. The indentations remain a constant size at each level, while the space between them diminishes. The floor plan is rotated for each successive floor, creating a series of spiraling 5-storey atria that stretch the full height of the building .

14. REICHSTAG DOME The futuristic and transparent design of the Reichstag dome is intended to symbolize Berlin's attempt to move away from a past of Nazism and instead towards a future with a heavier emphasis on a united, democratic Germany The dome is open to the public and can be reached by climbing two steel spiraling ramps reminiscent of a double helix The glass dome was also designed by Foster to be environmentally friendly and energy efficient; in allowing daylight to shine through the mirrored cone, the use of artificial lighting is significant reduced, and thus so are carbon emissions   A large sun shield tracks the movement of the sun electronically and blocks direct sunlight which, would not only cause large solar gain, but also dazzle those below

15. RICHARD ROGERS Born on July 23,1933 in Florence, Italy G raduated from School Of Architecture ,London and Yale school of architecture Significant Project : Lloyd Building, Center Pompidou Awards - Riba Royal Gold Medal 2006 and 2009 - The Stirling Prize

16. FAMOUS WORKS High-tech steel and glass technology used Designed in urban context in temperate climate Superstructure with reinforced concrete floors Rectangular plan with longer sides at the front with exposed services The steel columns surrounding the exterior of the concrete cast floor plates create part of the industrial looking exoskeleton Flexible Envelope Steel Structure Simple Geometric Form Exposed Mechanical Exteriors Building Circulation Open Piazza CENTER POMPIDOU

17. The use of escalators for a zigzag aesthetic that continues to the top of the building provides visitors with a splendid view of Paris COLOR CODING Structure and largest ventilation components Stairs and elevator structures Ventilation Plumbing and Fire control piping Electrical Elements Elevator room, motor shafts, anything related to accessibility Interior is bright as the glass is continuous By passing all the roods inside piping and elements in the façade, all elements are in sight

18. The elliptical form is made up of pre-fabricated components, allowing repetitive standardized assembly using sustainable materials . Transfer, plant and offices are located at arrivals level while the upper departures level includes all retail, catering, C.I.P. and passenger lounges. The aircraft bridges are externally located and are designed to be easily moveable . The building features a low- energy air conditioning system facilitated through the double skin envelope. ZURICH AIRPORT The new bridge spans the Clyde by means of a curved ramped deck which sweeps across the river in an elliptical path, creating a new city icon. The continuous curve and gradual ramp of the crescent bridge allows common access for all users The alignment of the elliptical deck on the axis of the upstream section of the river creates varied and unusual views whilst allowing headroom below the bridge for river traffic. GLASGOW BRIDGE

19. RENZO PIANO Born on   September 14, 1937 ,   Pegli , Italy Graduated from   Milan Polytechnic University Significant Project : The Shard, Center Pompidou Awards --Pritzker Architecture Prize - RIBA Gold Medal - Sonning Prize - AIA Gold Medal - Kyoto Prize

20. FAMOUS WORKS A spire-like sculpture emerging from the River Thames. He was inspired by the railway lines next to the site, the London spires depicted by Venetian painter Canaletto THE SHARD He proposed a sophisticated use of glazing, with expressive  façades of angled glass panes intended to reflect sunlight and the sky above The building features 11,000 panes of glass It is fitted with a combined heat and power (CHP) plant, operating on natural gas from the National Grid Fuel is efficiently converted to electricity, and heat is recovered from the engine to provide hot water for the building The building is designed to maintain its stability under very onerous conditions , [  with its post-tensioned concrete and composite floors, load-bearing pillars and tapering shape

21. In this artificial environment the airport takes an elongated and sinuous form, which makes it resemble a unitary organism, The curves of the building evoke a line of dunes or a wave solidified upon touching ground. This combination of organic geometry and mechanical appearance also makes reference to aeronautics and to the airplanes parked in front of the terminal itself, expressed in a certain equivalence between the direction of the airport and of the planes, as well as the important influence that the study of the air flows has had for the design of both elements. KANSAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

22. SANTIAGO CALATRAVA Born on 28 July 1951 , Benimàmet , Valencia, Spain Graduated from Polytechnic University of Valencia , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Significant Project : Athens Olympic Sports Complex, Auditorio de Tenerife, Alamillo bridge, Chords Bridge Awards -- European Prize for Architecture -AIA Gold Medal - IStructEGold Medal -Eugene McDermott Award -Prince of Asturias Award - Auguste Perret Prize

23. FAMOUS WORKS BRIDGE IN PERTH THE CITY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES OF VALENCIA WORLD TRADE CENTRE TRANSPORTATION HUB

24. NICHOLAS GRIMSHAW Born on October 9, 1939 ,  Hove, United Kingdom Graduated from Edinburgh College of Art; Architectural Association School of Architecture Significant Project : National space Center, Waterloo Intl. Terminal Awards -- RIBA Royal Gold Medal in 2019 -   Knight Bachelor in 2002 

25. FAMOUS WORKS The main exhibition hall provides a flexibly arranged, double-height volume and, along with the education areas, is economically sited in a renovated storm-water tank Wrapped in an outer layer of perforated metal that unites the building from afar, the varied opacity of the cladding reveals itself on approach to the center. The geodesic dome of the planetarium is the apex of the roof’s spiraling geometry. It perforates the concrete roof slab and acts as a foil to the soaring vertical tower. NATIONAL SPACE CENTRE,LONDON

26. THE EDEN GARDEN,CORNWELL The largest of the two biomes simulates a rainforest environment (and is the largest indoor rainforest in the world) and the second, a Mediterranean environment. The complex is dominated by two huge enclosures consisting of adjoining domes that house thousands of plant species, and each enclosure emulates a natural biome. The biomes consist of hundreds of hexagonal and pentagonal ethylene tetrafluoroethylene ( ETFE ) inflated cells supported by geodesic tubular steel  domes

27. IEOH MING PEI Born on   April 26, 1917, Guangzhou, China Graduated from University of Pennsylvania, MIT   Significant Projects : The Louvre, John Hancock Tower Awards -- Royal Gold Medal -AIA Gold Medal -Presidential Medal of Freedom -Pritzker Prize - Praemium Imperiale

28. FAMOUS WORKS THE LOUVRE The large pyramid serves as the main entrance to the Louvre Museum. Completed in 1988 as part of the broader Grand Louvre project ,  it has become a landmark of the city of Paris. The Louvre Pyramid ( Pyramide du Louvre) is a large glass and metal pyramid surrounded by three smaller pyramids, in the main courtyard ( Cour Napoléon) of the Louvre Palace in Paris. Constructed entirely with  glass segments and metal poles, it reaches a height of 21.6 m. Its square base has sides of 34 m and a base surface area of 1,000 square m .It consists of 603  rhombus-shaped and 70 triangular glass segments.

29. JOHN HANCOCK TOWER, CHINA This is one of the engineering techniques which the designers used to achieve a record height; the tubular system is the structure that keeps the building upright during wind and earthquake loads . The skyscraper's distinctive  X-braced  exterior shows that the structure's skin is part of its tubular system This X-bracing allows for both higher performance from tall structures and the ability to open up the inside floorplan.

30. SOME SKETCHES MILLENIAL DOME Major exhibition celebrating the beginning of the third millennium. It is the eighth largest building in the world by usable volume. THE LOUVRE LLOYD’S BUILDING Leading example of radical Bowelism in which the services for the building , are located on the exterior to maximize space in the interior.

31. BANK OF CHINA, HONGKONG The whole structure is supported by the four steel columns at the corners of the building, with the triangular frameworks transferring the weight of the structure HONGKONG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT Located on an artificial island, shaped like a huge aircraft and composed of a lightweight steel roof over exposed concrete COMMERZBANK High rise ecological office, uses natural systems of lighting and ventilation

32. THE GHERKIN SAINSBURY CENTER Truss and panel system HEARST TOWER Distinctive faceted tower with triangulated diagrid form using 20% less steel

33. TURNING TORSO Each floor consists of an irregular pentagonal shape rotating around the vertical core, which is supported by an exterior steel framework   MILLENIAL BRIDGE A steel suspension bridge for pedestrians crossing the River Thames CENTER POMPIDOU