HILARY 24 ( amended) 111_PRESENTATION.pptx

For research training and development

1. Synthesis of cyclodextrin polyurethane carbon nanotubes composites incorporating alginate for the removal of chemical contaminants in water By H.I. EZURUIKE, Supervisors: PROF.R.W. KRAUSE,PROF.B.B. MAMBA

2. LAY OUT BACK GROUND OBJECTIVES EXPERIMENTAL & CHARACTERIZATION RESULTS & DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3. BACK GROUND …. Clean water = essential human health + environment Water often contaminated (organic + inorganic). HOW?

4. BACK GROUND …. Organic contaminants Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) Aromatic compound such as benzenes,toluene,phenol and their derivatives Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) Inorganic contaminants Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Cadmium

5. OBJECTIVES Characterize polymer formed using techniques such as Fourier transformed infra red (FT-IR),TEM and (SEM) Incorporate alginates to form beads Test ability of beads to remove desired chemical contaminants.

6. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD Divided into four (4) distinct parts: 1. The functionalization of carbon nanotubes 2. The polymerization of CD with CNTs using bifunctional linkers to form polymers 3. Making Alginate composites to form beads 4. Model contaminants removal using novel polymers (beads)

7. The functionalization of carbon nanotubes

8. The polymerization of CD with CNTs using bifunctional linkers

9. The polymerization of CD with CNTs using bifunctional linkers (cont…)

10. Preparation of porous crosslinked β -CD Alginate nano beads

11. CHARACTERIZATION IR - functional groups SEM/Micrograph pictures - Surface morphology or physical nature solids TEM - View CNTs structure and see if it has formed (multi walled) UV-qualitative and quantitative determination of compounds

12. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Table 1.1: Yield of MWNTs oxidized at 50 O C for 24 hrs Source of MWNTs Mass before (g) Mass after (g) Yield (%) Commercial MWNTs 1.000 0.880 89 NSP- MWNTs 0.520 0.385 76

13. RESULTS & DISCUSSION TEM Figure 1: R aw commercial MWNTs

14. RESULTS & DISCUSSION TEM Figure 2: Raw NSP MWNTs

15. RESULTS & DISCUSSION TEM Figure 3: NSP MWNTs functionalized at 50 C

16. RESULTS & DISCUSSION FT-IR Spectroscopy Figure 4: CNTs before functionalization

17. RESULTS & DISCUSSION IR Spectroscopy Figure 5: IR of CNTs after functionalization

18. RESULTS & DISCUSSION IR Spectroscopy Figure 6: Polymerization of  CD with carbon nanotubes at beginning of rxn

19. RESULTS & DISCUSSION IR Spectroscopy Figure 7: Polymerization of  CD with carbon nanotubes at end of reaction

20. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

21. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Micrograph pictures of β -CD & CNTs beads β - CD/HMDI beads β - CD/HMDI/CNTs beads

22. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Isotherm Isotherms Std Conc. UV absorb- 2 0.111 4 0.227 6 0.407 8 0.455 10 0.676 12 0.724

23. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Isotherms 1/x/m 3 6 8 10 12 14 No of flask Time (hrs) Polymer-M (g) Vol. (m/L) Not Ads C (mg/L) & Co 0.097 Ads X (mg/L) 1/C (mg/L) x/m (mg/g) 1 2 0.2 250 0.034 0.063 29 0.315 2 2 0.4 250 0.029 0.068 34 0.170 3 2 0.6 250 0.025 0.072 40 0.120 4 2 0.8 250 0.016 0.081 63 0.101 5 2 1.0 250 0.012 0.085 83 0.085 6 2 1.2 250 0.011 0.086 90 0.072

24. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Langmuir’s Isotherms Intercept= 0.7447= 1/b, b=1.34 Slope=6.2979= 1/ab,a= 0.118 Therefore substitute values in Langmuir’s equation 1/xm=1/b +1/abC

25. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Freundlich Isotherm Slope= 1.0438=1/n; n=0.9580 Intercept=0.8752=log K; K =0.05 Therefore substitute values in Freundlich equation: log (x/m)=log K +1/n log C

26. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Contact Time Time (hrs) C (mg/L) C/C (mg/L) 10 0.3426 0.6365 17 0.3643 0.5406 24 0.3760 0.4707 31 0.4205 0.4399 38 0.4905 0.4394 48 0.5520 0.4393

27. CONCLUSIONS The amount of p-nitrophenol adsorbed onto the polymer beads increased with an increase in time Experimental data fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich models, R 2 = 0.9546 and 0.8068 respectively Langmuir’s model was a choice because of high R 2 values Equilibrium at 38 hrs (0.44mg/L,76.8% removal) Polymer has great potential to remove p-nitrophenol in water.

28. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS University of Johannesburg DST/ Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Center National Research Foundation (NRF),SA Eskom’s Tertiary Education Support Program My Supervisors for moral support THANK YOU