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Histolo And embriology

1. Experiment 1
Introduction
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue (stretched preparation)

3. Specimen holder

4. By eyes 4x 10x 40x

5. Based on numbers of cell layers and shape of cells.
Simple epithelium
Stratified epithelium
simple squamous epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
pseudostratifid ciliated columnar epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
transitional epithelium
I. Covering epithelium

6. 1. simple squamous epithelium
Structure:
•Comprisesasinglelayerofflattened
cells,withlittlecytoplasmandoval
nucleuswhichislocatedinthecenter.
Distribution:
•Endothelium:lining of cardiovascular and lymph vessels.
•Mesothelium [,mɛzo'θilɪəm]: pleura, peritoneum, pericardium.
•Others: alveolar epithelium, parietal layer of the renal capsule, etc.

7. Lateral view
flattened shape

8. lining the pericardial, thoracic and abdominal cavities
and covers the organs as part of serous membranes

10. 2. simple cuboidal epithelium
Structure:
•Comprises a single layer of cuboidal cells. The round nucleus is located in
the center.
Distribution:
•Renal tubules.
•Thyroid gland.

12. 3. simple columnar epithelium
Structure:
•Comprises a single layer of columnar cells, with ovoid nucleus located at the
basal part.
Distribution:
•Inner lining of the stomach, intestine, uterus, oviduct and et al..

13. a.Nonciliatedsimplecolumnarepitheliumcontainsmicrovilli,whichcould
increasesurfaceandtherateofabsorption,calledstriatedborder.
b.Ciliacanbeseenincellsofciliatedsimplecolumnarepithelium,whichis
distributedinuterusandoviduct.
c.Gobletcellscanbeseenbetweencolumnarcellsinsimplecolumnar
epitheliumofintestines,theycansecretmucustolubricatetheepithelium.

14. Goblet cells: the oblate or inverted triangular-shaped nuclei are located near
the basal part of the cell, and the apical part of these cells is vacuolar.
Ciliais much longer than microvilli, and can be clearly seen under LM.

15. 4. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Structure:
•Comprises a single layer of different
kinds of cells, appears to have several
layers because the nuclei are at various
levels. All cells are attached to the
basement membrane but some do not
reach the apical surface.
Distribution: inner lining of respiratory epithelium.

17. Based on numbers of cell layers and shape of cells.
Simple epithelium
Stratified epithelium
simple squamous epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
transitional epithelium
I. Covering epithelium

18. 1. stratified squamous epithelium
Structure:
•Comprises multiple layers of cells. It is named after the shape of their most
superficial layer of cells.
Basal layer: columnar or cuboidal cell, basophilic;
Middle layer: polygonal or fusiform cell;
Apical layer: flattened cell.
Distribution:
•Keratinized: skin
•Nonkeratinized: esophagus

19. Keratinized
Cells of the superficial layer are dead
cells, they are loosely organized, and
have no nuclei, appear homogeneous
pink (eosinophilic).
Nonkeratinized
Cells of the superficial layer are
living cells that retain their nuclei,
and arranged orderly.

20. 2. transitional epithelium
umbrella cells
•Structure:
Its appearance is not static. It rapidly adapts to contraction and distention:
changes from a tall epithelium with 5-7 cell layers (collapsed state) to a
thinner epithelium with only 2 or 3 cell layers (distended state), and the
surface cells vary in shape (round to flat).
•Distribution: the inner lining of bladder.

21. section preparation stretched preparation
•Fibroblast
•Macrophage
•Collagen fiber
•Elastic fiber

22. 1.fibroblast
Fibroblasts are the predominantcells in loose connective tissue.
LM; light microscopy:
large, flattened cell with processes
Cytoplasm: light blue (basophilic); not clearly seen.
Large, ovoid nucleus.

24. LM：
Round or ovoid-irregular shape.
Cytoplasm: acidophilic, trypanblue particles in the cytoplasm.
Nucleusis stained dark blue.
2.macrophage
trypan blue dye injected to the abdominal cavity, phagocytosed by M

25. Sometimes mast cells can be observed, with red particles in the cytoplasm.

26. 3. collagen fiber
LM:
range from 0.5-20 microns in diameter.
Acidophilic, stained pink in HE stained sections.
Wavy and branch to form a network.
4.elastic fiber
LM：thin, 0.2-1 um in diameter, acidophilic.
bright pink (HE).
branched and interweaved a net.

28. 1.Observe
(1)No. 1 Simple squamous epithelium
-endothelium -mesothelium
(2)No. 44 Simple cuboidal epithelium
(3)No. 2 Simple columnar epithelium
(4)No. 4 Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
2. Small structures (high power lens)
(1)Striated border (No. 2)
(2)Goblet cell (No. 4)
(3)Cilia (No. 4)

29. 1.Observe
(1)No. 3 Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
(2)No. 27/29 Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
(3)No. 5 Transitional epithelium (collapsed state)
(4)No. 6 loose connective tissue (stretched preparation from mesentery)
2. Small structures (higher power lens)
(1)collagen fiber, elastic fiber, fibroblasts, macrophage(No. 6)
3. Draw a picture of loose CT (stretched preparation) according to what
you see under LM.
Mark the collagen fiber, elastic fiber, fibroblast and macrophage.

30. 显微镜的使用
1、显微镜结构精密，使用时必须细心，要按正确操作步骤进行。
2、将显微镜放在自己身体的左前方，离桌子边缘约 10cm左右，右侧可
放记录本或绘图纸。
3、镜检任何标本都要养成必须先用低倍镜观察的习惯。
4、高倍物镜的转换不应碰到载玻片或其上的盖玻片。
5、观察完毕，关闭电源，载物台调至最低，转动物镜转换器，使物镜头不与载
物台通光孔相对，而是成八字形位置，盖上防护罩。
目镜：可开合，
调整视野合一
物镜：可旋转，分别
为4×10×40×100×
载物台
推进器：控制载物台移动
上—前后，下 —左右
调节旋钮：控制载物台上下
移动，内 —粗调，外 —微调
注意事项