Historical development of science and technology

1. Historical Development of Science and Technology Century of the Genius Industrial Revolution 18 th and 19 th Century Modern Era Prepared by: Maria Ni ña C. Leonoras

2. Century of the Genius

3. Century of the Genius Emerged most fully during the Eighteenth-century or Enlightenment Period. Age of Enlightenment is also known as Age of Reason . Science during the 18 th century falls into two categories: Baroque Period Classical Period

4. Century of the Genius Baroque Period Classical Period Started in the 17 th century and lasted to the early 18 th century; lasted into the early 19 th century.

5. Some of t he Geniuses Galileo Galilei Johannes Kepler Rene Descartes Blaise Pascal Isaac Newton Robert Boyle William Harvey Pierre de Fermat Santorio Santorii

6. Galileo Galilie (15 February 1564  – 8 January 1642) Birthplace :  Pisa, Italy Best Known As:  The inventor of the astronomical telescope Discovered a number of natural laws Invented the microscope Constucted a telescope “Father of Modern Astronomy” “Father of Modern Physics” “Father of Science”

7. Johannes Kepler Dec. 27, 1571  – Nov. 15, 1630) Birthplace :  Weil der Stadt , Wurttemberg (now Germany ) Best Known As:  The astronomer who explained planetary motion Engaged in the study of astronomy and developed the laws of planetary motion. “The orbit of a planet about a star is an ellipse with the star at one focus. A line joining a planet and its star sweeps out equal intervals of time. The squares of the orbital periods of planet are directly proportional to the cubes of the semi-major axis of the orbits.

8. Rene Descartes (31 March 1596  – 11 Feb. 1650) Birthplace :  La Haye , France Best Known As:  The philosopher who said "I think, therefore I am Often called the father of modern science. He took as his philosophical starting point the statement  Cogito ergo sum  -- "I think, therefore I am .“ made major contributions to modern mathematics, especially in developing the Cartesian coordinate system and advancing the theory of equations .

9. Blaise Pascal (19 June 1623  – 19 Aug. 1662) Birthplace:  Clermont-Ferrand, France Best Known As:  17th century mathematical genius A prodigy in math, Blaise Pascal was a contemporary and rival of René Descartes.  He published a significant work on the geometry of conical sections when he was only sixteen; he invented a calculating machine by the time he was nineteen; he and Pierre de Fermat founded the modern theory of probability; he described the principle that is the basis for the hydraulic press (called Pascal's Law); and he proved that there was a vacuum above the atmosphere .

10. Pierre de Fermat (17 Aug. 1601  – 12 Jan. 1665) Birthplace:   Beaumont-de- Lomagne , France Best Known As:  Pascal’s correspondence in the formation of the modern theory of probability. He is particularly famous for his 'last theorem', which he discovered in about 1637, and of which he claimed he had a ' marvellous demonstration'. He became a judge, but he had a passion for mathematics and obtained many mathematical theorems, which he communicated to fellow mathematicians, always remaining very secretive about his proofs .

11. Isaac Newton (4 Jan 1643  – 31 March 1727) Birthplace :   Woolsthorpe , Lincolnshire, England Best Known As:  The genius who explained gravity Newton helped define the laws of gravity and planetary motion, co-founded the field of calculus, and explained laws of light and color, among many other discoveries.

12. Robert Boyle (25 Jan 1627  – 31 Dec. 1691) Birthplace :  Lismore Castle, County Waterford, Ireland Best Known As:  17th century chemist who came up with Boyle's law (law of pressure) Robert Boyle was a 17th century intellectual whose emphasis on experimentation and quantification helped lay the foundation for modern chemistry. He is known for Boyle's law, which states that the pressure and volume of gas at a constant temperature have an inversely proportional relationship

13. William Harvey (1 April 1578  – 3 June 1657) Birthplace :   Folkstone , London Best Known As:   Studied the circulation of blood and function of the heart Harvey understood that the heart pumped blood from the atria into the ventricles and then into the rest of the circulatory system, he had no knowledge of the influence of oxygen in the blood nor knowledge of the existence of capillaries .

14. Santorio Santorii (21 March 1561 - 22 Feb. 1636) Birthplace :   Capodistria , Venice Best Known As:   Invented body thermometer Italian physician, a pupil of Galileo at Padua Measured his own weight, weight of food consumed and urine and faeces produced, and attributed the difference to ‘insensible perspiration’, which we would now call metabolism leading to carbon dioxide production .

15. Industrial Revolution

16. Process of change from an agrarian, handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture. Process began in England in the 18 th century and from there spread to the rest of the world. Industrial Revolution

17. Technological Changes: Use of new basic materials, chiefly iron and steel Use of new energy source Invention of new mqachines New organization of work known as the factory system Important developments in transportation and communication Increasing application of science to industry Industrial Revolution

18. 19 th Century Science

19. By definition, it lasted from 1801-1900 according to the Gregorian Calendar. Lead to the second Industrial Revolution through the invention of useable electricity, steel and petroleum products. Age of machine tools (tools that made tools) Assembly line speed up factory production Gave birth to professional scientist 19 th Century Science

20. Modern Era Science

21. Science through the 20 th century Inventions have progressed at an accelerated rate Began the infancy of airplanes, automobiles, spaceships, computers, cell phones and wireless internet. Modern Era Science

22. Science of microengineering . (deals with particle manipulation if those particles are smaller than 100 nanometers. Essential core is atomic and molecular manipulation. Nanotechnology

23. “ Screenagers ” Digital Students Can absorb great deal of information at super-charged speed Masters of varifying types of technology Innovators, creative designers, critical thinkers, collaborators, complex problem-solvers Students who learn while having fun. 21 st Century Learners