HISTORY: Early Renaissance Architecture

History of Architecture 2
Report by: Group 1 (OIC: Ralph)
DLS-College of St. Benilde
Architecture Program
2nd Term S.Y. 2015-16
January 2016

1. Early Renaissance Architecture

2. Renaissance - from M. F., rebirth , from O. F. renaistre  to be born again - started 14th to 17th century in  Italy  and later spread to the rest of Europe “ Early Modern ” - it falls between the medieval period and the industrial revolution Florence – birthplace of Renaissance

3. Early Renaissance - Growing importance of the upper bourgeoisie (especially merchants, bankers) - Expansion of industry and world trade; voyages of exploration begin - Commercial and financial dominance of Flanders and Italy - Increased patronage of the arts by wealthy individuals

4. Culture - revival of learning based on classical sources, the rise of courtly and papal patronage, the development of perspective in painting, and advancements in science - wide-ranging consequences in all pursuits but is best known for its artistic aspects

5. Demographic Italy, 13,000,000 Spain and Portugal, 10,000,000 France, 16,000,000, in its boundaries in 1600 England and Wales, 4,500,000 Scotland and Ireland, 2,000,000 Netherlands, 3,000,000, including the Spanish Netherlands in 1600 Denmark, 600,000 Sweden, Norway, and Finland: 1,400,000 Poland with Prussia: 3,000,000 Germany: 20,000,000

6. Technology Printing press - most important technological innovation of the time - led to a higher literacy rate

7.   " Man is the measure of all things .“ - Protagoras

8. (Basilica of Sant'Andrea , Mantua by Alberti ) Characteristics - Plans were square , symmetrical appearance in which proportions are usually based on a module which is often the width of an aisle

9. (Basilica of Sant'Andrea , Mantua by Alberti ) Characteristics - Arches are often used in arcades, supported on piers or columns with capitals

10. Characteristics - The Roman orders of columns are used:- Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite which can be structural or decorative - architects aimed to use columns, pilasters, and entablatures  as an integrated system Old  Sacristy, Brunelleschi

11. Characteristics - Vaults do not have ribs. They are semi-circular or segmental and on a square plan, unlike the Gothic vault which is frequently rectangular (Basilica of Sant'Andrea , Alberti )

12. Characteristics - Dome is a very large structural feature that is visible from the exterior, and also as a means of roofing smaller spaces where they are only visible internally Florence Cathedral’s Dome, Brunelleschi

13. Characteristics - Façades  are symmetrical around their vertical axis - Church façades are generally surmounted by a pediment and organized by a system of pilasters, arches and entablatures Cathedral of  Pienza, Rossellino

14. Characteristics - Domestic buildings are often surmounted by a  cornice - There is a regular repetition of openings on each floor, and the centrally placed door is marked by a feature such as a balcony, or rusticated surround Palazzo Rucellai , Alberti

15. Architectural Materials - Italian Renaissance construction used materials like stone, marble, terracotta tile and stucco (a mortar mixture ) - Watermills to saw timber and convert trees to planks

16. Filippo Brunelleschi - More interested in construction rather than the visual appearance of Roman buildings - one of the founding fathers of Renaissance - best known for his work on the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (the Duomo ) in Florence

17. Science of Florence Cathedral's Dome - Building up the dome in a succession of horizontal courses as in the concrete dome of the Pantheon - Giving it a double shell so as to reduce the weight, a device borrowed from the baptistery of Pisa - Echoing Gothic rib construction by stretching the outer skin of the de over a frame of 24 ribs - Giving the dome a pointed profile because it exerts less side thrust

18. Foundling Hospital (1419) 1st in Europe to have its elegantly arcaded loggia Pazzi Chapel

19. Church of Santo Spirito Church of Santo Lorenzo

20. Leon Battista Alberti - provided the first theory of what we now call linear perspective in his book, Della Pittura - His book  De Re Aedificatoria  was the first architectural book published in moveable type (1485) and was instrumental in reviving the Classical style of architecture - architecture was not merely a means of constructing buildings; it was a way to create meaning

21. LINEAR PERSPECTIVE

22. Church of Sant’Andrea Palazzo Rucellai , Florence

23.  Baptistery of San Giovanni

24. Michelozzo di Bartolomeo - architect under patronage of the Medici  family - He was one of the first architects to work in the Renaissance style outside Italy, building a palace at Dubrovnik - has respected the Florentine liking for rusticated stone

25. Palazzo Medici Riccardi

26. Dubrovnik Palace

27. Donato Bramante - if a building's design is perfect, nothing could be either added to or subtracted from it without ruining the design - first great Renaissance architect in Rome, working on St. Peter's, the Vatican and the Tempietto in S. Pietro in Montorio , Rome

28. Santa Maria delle Grazie

29. Tempietto - San Pietro in Montorio

30. QUESTIONS

31. How did Brunelleschi come up with the science behind the Florence Cathedral’s dome?

32. Why did the Renaissance started in Florence, not in other parts of Italy?

33. What’s the difference between domestic buildings and churches in terms of their facade?

34. What’s the importance of the printing press during the Renaissance period?

35. What makes the Early Renaissance architecture different from Roman architecture?

36. Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vufba_ZcoR0

37. Sources http://regentsprep.org/regents/global/themes/goldenages/ren.htm http://libguides.lib.msu.edu/c.php?g=96083 http:// www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/renaissance http:// www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/itar/hd_itar.htm http://www.pitt.edu/~ tokerism/0040/syl/src1030.html