History-of-Anaesthesia & Origin of Anesthesia

History of Anesthesia

1. History of Anaesthesia BAYUSUF KLEIST MASACHI KRNA TRAINING

2. Introduction to nurse anesthesia practice and professionalism History of anesthesia ICN cord of conduct NCK and nurses act Ethical and legal issues in anesthesia practice Basic tenets of safe anesthesia practice

3. Before discovery of anesthetics

4. Before 1846 Few drugs/plant product used to remove pain- Alcohol Opium Hyoscine Cannabis Cocaine Other method / non-drugs method used to remove pain- Cold Concussion Carotid compression Nerve compression Hypnosis

5. 1846 - Oliver Wendell Holmes coined the term Anaesthesia. It originates from the Greek word an- “without” and “ aisthesis ” refers to the inhibition of sensation. 1846

6. 1776 - first anaesthetic, nitrous oxide gas (laughing gas) was discovered by Priestly . Nitrous oxide Priestly

7. 1844- Nitrous oxide was first used as an anaesthetic by a dentist Horace Wells (Hartford, USA) for removal of a tooth in a human . Sir Humphry Davy (British chemist) suggested its use in painless surgery. Sir Humphry Davy Nitrous oxide Anaesthesia

8. 1540 - Synthesized and named “sweet oil of vitriol” by Valerius Cordus . Frobenius renamed it “ether”. 1818- Anaesthetic effect of ether was discovered by C W Long . 1846-- Ether anaesthesia was first publicly demonstrated in by William T G Morton in “ Ether Dome ” at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, USA). Ether Anaesthesia William T G Morton The Ether Dome, Boston, Massachusetts

9. John Snow : 1 st Anaesthesiologist 1 st anaesthetist : Used ether and Chloroform as surgical anesthetics. He designed an apparatus to safe administration of ether anaesthesia to the patients and also designed a mask to administer chloroform anaesthesia.  Chloroform anaesthesia became famous, when He administered chloroform to  Queen Victoria when she gave birth to the child. John Snow

10. 1847 - Chloroform anaesthesia was introduced by James Young Simpson ( Scottish obstetrician) and became very popular due to its pleasant odour. Despite of the high toxicity and mortality rate the use of chloroform in surgery remained for nearly 100 years. Chloroform Anaesthesia

11. 1872 -- Chloral hydrate was the first intravenous anaesthetic. 1903 --Barbiturates were introduced. 1929--Cyclopropane was discovered and remained in extensive use for next 30 years. 1935--Thiopentone was introduced as general anaesthetic by Lundi . 1956--introduction of halothane, a non-flammable anaesthetic, revolutionized the inhalation anaesthesia.

12. Anaesthesia in 21 st Century

13. LAYOUT OF AN OPERATING THEATRE The theatre unit is a block of buildings with a series of rooms leading off a corridor with closed doors, which separate it from the main hospital. A theatre should be built in a central place possibly near an intensive care unit, surgical wards, renal unit & burns unit. Construction should be separate & independent from all traffic & air movement within the hospital.

14. CT A theatre unit is self contained with changing rooms, shower rooms, toilets, anaesthetic rooms, operating room, cleaning room, atleast four beds, sluice room, linen room & sterilizing room. Inside the theatre, the walls, floor & roof are built with labour saving materials for hygiene purposes It has artificial ventilators, efficient artificial lights & emergency systems for use during power failure.

15. CT The theatre furnishings & fittings are made of stainless materials for quick & thorough cleaning. All the trolleys are fitted with non-electricity conducting rubbers to minimize the risk of electric conduction. The doors & the corridors are wide & high for easy movement. Ceilings are high enough for proper theatre ventilation

16. Thank You