HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

1. HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE NAME SOHINI GUHA ROLL 18700120083 ID 2018701073 SEMESTER 5 TH SECTION 2 SUBJECT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2. Table of Contents WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE? HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WHEN MAKES OUR LIFE EASIER CONCLUSION & BIBLIOGRAPHY & ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 01 02 03 04

3. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE? Machines, especially computer systems, simulate human intelligence processes with artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is used for expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition, and machine vision, among other things.

4. OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE HISTORY

5. FROM THE YEAR 1943-1952 IN 1943, WARREN MCCULLOCH AND WALTER PITS PUBLISHED THE FIRST PAPER THAT IS NOW RECOGNIZED AS AI. A MODEL OF ARTIFICIAL NEURONS WAS PROPOSED BY THEM. A RULE FOR UPDATING NEURONAL CONNECTIONS WAS DEMONSTRATED BY DONALD HEBB IN 1949. HIS RULE IS NOW CALLED HEBBIAN LEARNING. A PIONEER IN MACHINE LEARNING IN 1950 WAS ALAN TURING, AN ENGLISH MATHEMATICIAN. IN "COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE", ALAN TURING PROPOSES A TEST FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. A TURING TEST CAN DETERMINE WHETHER A MACHINE CAN EXHIBIT INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOR EQUAL TO THAT OF A HUMAN. ’ WARREN MCCULLOCH AND WALTER PITS

6. FROM THE YEAR 1952-1956 THE FIRST ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM WAS CREATED IN 1955 BY ALLEN NEWELL AND HERBERT A. SIMON. IT WAS CALLED LOGIC THEORIST. DESPITE BEING ABLE TO PROVE 38 OF 52 MATHEMATICS THEOREMS, THIS PROGRAM WAS ALSO ABLE TO COME UP WITH NEW AND ELEGANT PROOFS FOR SOME OF THESE THEOREMS. A COMPUTER SCIENTIST NAMED JOHN MCCARTHY FIRST USED THE TERM "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" IN 1956 AT THE DARTMOUTH CONFERENCE. FOR THE FIRST TIME, AI COINED AS AN ACADEMIC FIELD. 1. AT THAT TIME HIGH-LEVEL COMPUTER LANGUAGES SUCH AS FORTRAN, LISP, OR COBOL WERE INVENTED. AND THE ENTHUSIASM FOR AI WAS VERY HIGH AT THAT TIME. ’ HERBERT A. SIMON.

7. IN 1966, THEERS FOCUSED ON CREATING ALGORITHMS TO SOLVE MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS. THE FIRST CHATBOT WAS CREATED BY JOSEPH WEIZENBAUM IN 1966, AND WAS NAMED ELIZA. YEAR 1972: THE FIRST INTELLIGENT HUMANOID ROBOT WAS BUILT IN JAPAN AND WAS CALLED WABOT-1. FROM THE YEAR 1956-1974 JOSEPH WEIZENBAUM

8. FROM THE YEAR 1974-1980 During the years 1974 to 1980, AI winter was the first to occur. AI winter refers to the time period where computer scientists dealt with a severe shortage of funding from government for AI researches. There was a decrease in publicity on artificial intelligence during AI winters. HERBERT A. SIMON.

9. In 1980, AI Returned With "Expert System" After A Winter Hiatus. A Human Expert's Decision-making Capability Was Emulated By Expert Systems. The American Association Of Artificial Intelligence Held Its First National Conference At Stanford University In 1980 FROM THE YEAR 1980-1987 SOME HONOURABLE MEMBERS OF THE CONFERENCE

10. BETWEEN 1987 AND 1993, THERE WAS A SECOND AI WINTER. THE GOVERNMENT AND INVESTORS STOPPED FUNDING AI RESEARCH AGAIN BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH COST AND INEFFECTIVE RESULTS. THERE WAS A GREAT DEAL OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS IN EXPERT SYSTEMS LIKE XCON. FROM THE YEAR 1987-1993

11. THE YEAR 1997 MARKED THE FIRST TIME A COMPUTER BEAT A WORLD CHAMPION CHESS PLAYER, GARY KASPAROV, WHEN IBM DEEP BLUE DEFEATED HIM. YEAR 2002: FOR THE FIRST TIME, AI ENTERED THE HOME IN THE FORM OF ROOMBA, A VACUUM CLEANER. THE BUSINESS WORLD WAS INTRODUCED TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN 2006. SEVERAL COMPANIES HAVE BEGUN USING AI, INCLUDING FACEBOOK, TWITTER, AND NETFLIX. FROM THE YEAR 1993-2011 ROOMBA, A VACUUM CLEANER.

12. FROM THE YEAR 2011-PRESENT IBM WATSON WON JEOPARDY IN 2011, WHERE IT HAD TO SOLVE COMPLEX QUESTIONS AS WELL AS RIDDLES. WATSON HAD PROVED THAT IT COULD UNDERSTAND NATURAL LANGUAGE AND COULD SOLVE TRICKY QUESTIONS QUICKLY. THE ANDROID APP "GOOGLE NOW" WAS LAUNCHED IN 2012,AND PROVIDED INFORMATION TO THE USER AS A PREDICTION. CHATBOT "EUGENE GOOSTMAN" WON A COMPETITION IN THE INFAMOUS "TURING TEST" IN THE YEAR 2014. IBM'S "PROJECT DEBATER" DEBATED COMPLEX TOPICS WITH TWO MASTER DEBATERS AND PERFORMED EXTREMELY WELL. GOOGLE HAS DEMONSTRATED AN AI PROGRAM "DUPLEX" WHICH WAS A VIRTUAL ASSISTANT AND WHICH HAD TAKEN A HAIRDRESSER APPOINTMENT ON CALL, AND LADY ON OTHER SIDE DIDN'T NOTICE THAT SHE WAS TALKING WITH THE MACHINE

13. WHEN MACHINES CAN MAKE OUR LIFE EASIER TESLA SELF-DRIVING AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES . ALEXA VOICE ASSISTANT FACE RECOGNITION THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGY

14. CONCLUSION IN THE PAST FEW DECADES, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE HAS ADVANCED TO A REMARKABLE LEVEL. A BOOM HAS BEEN SWEEPING ACROSS THE DATA SCIENCE FIELD THANKS TO DEEP LEARNING, BIG DATA, AND DATA SCIENCE, AND DATA SCIENCE. GOOGLE, FACEBOOK, IBM, AND AMAZON ARE EXPERIMENTING WITH AI TODAY AND CREATING AMAZING DEVICES. I AM EXCITED ABOUT THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND I BELIEVE IT WILL BRING HIGH LEVELS OF INTELLIGENCE.

15. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY TEACHERS FOR GIVING ME SUCH A WONDERFUL TOPIC TO WORK AND LEARN MORE ABOUT THE SAME. BIBLIOGRAPHY ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE 3 RD EDITION (BY ELAINE RICH & KEVIN KNIGHT & SHIVSHANKAR B NAIR) INTERNET