History of camera

Evolution of Camera.

1. History of Camera Dr. Anjandev Biswas

2. 500 B.C. The phenomenon noticed by Mo- tsu of China, that formation of images on walls in darkened rooms; image formation via a pinhole. Aristotle described the basic principles of optics and the camera obscura during his life (384-322 BC).

3. 1039 A.D. Ali al- hazen ibn al haythem , described the effect in detail and told how to view an eclipse of the sun in a camera obscura (dark chamber) The term ‘camera obscura ’ was first used by the astronomer Johannes Kepler in the early 17th century. He used it for astronomical applications and had a portable tent camera for surveying in Upper Austria.

4. 1676 Johann Sturm described first known use of a reflex mirror in a camera obscura , 1685 Johann Zahn developed a portable SLR camera obscura with focusable lens, adjustable aperture and translucent viewing screen.

5. 17th century The development of the camera obscura took two tracks. One of these led to the portable box device that was a drawing tool, known as Camera obscura portabilis . The other track became the camera obscura , a combination of education and entertainment.

6. 1727 : Professor J. Schulze mixes chalk, nitric acid, and silver in a flask; notices darkening on side of flask exposed to sunlight. Accidental creation of the first photo-sensitive compound.

7. 1800 Thomas Wedgwood makes "sun pictures" by placing opaque objects on leather treated with silver nitrate; resulting images deteriorated rapidly, however, if displayed under light stronger than from candles.

8. 1816 Joseph Nicéphore Niépce combines the camera obscura with photosensitive paper

9. 1826 The first successful picture is produced by Nie'pce with over an eight hour exposure time. It was photo of a view from the Nie'pce family house in Gras, France. Nie'pce calling his picture 'Heliograph' or sundrawing

10. 1834 Henry Fox Talbot creates permanent (negative) images using paper soaked in silver chloride and fixed with a salt solution. Talbot created positive images by contact printing onto another sheet of paper. 1841 Talbot patents his process under the name ‘ calotype ’.

11. 1837 Louis Daguerre creates images on silver-plated copper, coated with silver iodide and "developed" with warmed mercury.

12. 1839 Daguerre type Camera

13. 1839 The image capture process is introduced to the public by Sir John Herschel in a lecture to the Royal society. He is credited with naming the process 'Photography' to the public, even though a few before him used it.

14. First available photograph on copper plate by Daguerre type camera . 1855-57 Direct positive images on glass (ambrotypes) and metal (tintypes or ferrotypes) popular in the US.

15. 1851 Frederick Scott Archer , a sculptor in London, improves photographic resolution by spreading a mixture of collodion (nitrated cotton dissolved in ether and alcohol) and chemicals on sheets of glass. Wet plate collodion photography was much cheaper than daguerreotypes, the neg / pos process permitted unlimited reproductions, and the process was published but not patented.

16. 1855 Beginning of stereoscopic era 1903 Folmer & Schwing Stereo Graflex first and only stereo SLR

17. Underwater Camera 1856 — William Thompson takes the first underwater pictures using a camera mounted on a pole. 1899 -The first underwater camera and lights are invented by Louis Boutanand . He uses them to make the first underwater photograph using artificial light. 1926 — William Harding Longley and Charles Martin take the first underwater colour photos using a magnesium-powered flash.

18. Underwater camera and camera housing

19. 1858 Aerial photography practiced by ‘ Nadar ’ Drone Camera

20. One of the first recorded patents for a panoramic camera was submitted by Joseph Puchberger in Austria in 1843 for a hand-cranked, 150° field of view, 8-inch focal length camera that exposed a relatively large Daguerreotype, up to 24 inches (610 mm) long.

21. 1859 Panoramic camera patented - Thomas Sutton .

22. 1859 Ponti Megalethoscope built by Carlo Ponti , allowed the owner to view his photographs in B/W in the daytime and in colour in night.

23. 1861 Scottish physicist James Clerk-Maxwell demonstrates a color photography system involving three black and white photographs, each taken through a red, green, or blue filter. The photos were turned into lantern slides and projected in registration with the same color filters. This is the "color separation" method. First colour photo taken by Thomas Sutton

24. 1871 Richard Leach Maddox , an English doctor, proposes the use of an emulsion of gelatin and silver bromide on a glass plate, the "dry plate" process.

25. View camera Viewing and focusing done on ground glass plate. Changeable lenses Variable aperture and manual shutter speed.

26. Press Camera Rangefinder for focus Ground glass for viewing Changeable lenses Variable aperture and shutter speed.

27. 1877 Edward Muybridge , of England, settles ‘do a horse's four hooves ever leave the ground at once’ He arranged 12 cameras alongside a race track. Each was fitted with a shutter working at a speed he claimed to be "less than the two-thousandth part of a second." Strings attached to electric switches were stretched across the track; the horse, rushing past, breasted the strings and broke them, one after the other; the shutters were released by an electromagnetic control, and a series of negatives made.

28. 1878 Dry plates being manufactured commercially.

29. 1880 George Eastman , age 24, sets up Eastman Kodak Dry Plate Company in Rochester, New York. First half-tone photograph appears in a daily newspaper, the New York Graphic .

30. Photograph on dry plate

31. 1884 Calvin Rae Smith . Monocular Duplex (USA): first known production SLR. Used glass plates (original model 3¼×4¼ inch, later 4×5 inch); many were adapted to use Eastman sheet film.

32. 1891 Loman Reflex Camera first focal-plane shutter SLR had mirror rise synchronized with the release of a roller blind shutter, with speeds from ½ to 1/250 second,

33. 1888 First Kodak camera, containing a 20-foot roll of paper, enough for 100, 2.5-inch diameter circular pictures. 1889 Improved Kodak camera with roll of film instead of paper 1900 Kodak Brownie roll-film camera introduced.

34. 1893 Kinetograph by Dickson

35. 1894 Lumie’re brothers’ cinematograph in lyon , a combination of camera-projector that can project moving images on to a screen

36. One of the oldest movie

37. 1906 Availability of panchromatic black and white film 1907 First commercial color film, the Autochrome plates, manufactured by Lumiere brothers in France

38. Field camera

39. 1913 Oscar Barnack , employed by German microscope manufacturer Leitz , develops camera using the modern 24x36mm frame and sprocketed 35mm movie film.

40. 1913 Tourist Multiple One of the earliest cameras to use 35mm film for still pictures, and the first to be commercially produced.

41. 1914 KODAK No. 3A AUTOGRAPHIC, First coupled rangefinder camera with 122 roll film.

42. 1917 Nippon Kogaku K.K., which will eventually become Nikon, established in Tokyo. First Rangefinder camera.

43. 1921 Man Ray begins making photograms (‘ Rayographs ’) by placing objects on photographic paper and exposing the shadow cast by a distant light bulb

44. 1925 Leitz markets a derivative of Barnack's camera commercially as the "Leica", the first 35mm camera.

45. 1929 Rolleiflex by Franke & Heidecke , First 120 roll film twin lens reflex (TLR) camera

46. 1931 Development of strobe photography by Harold Edgerton at MIT

47. 1935 Kodachrome , Development of multi-layered colour film by Kodak

48. 1936 Ihagee Kamerawerk presents Kine Exakta , First 35mm single-lens reflex (SLR) camera

49. 1938 Kodak 620 First camera with auto-exposure

50. 1939 Argus C3 by Argus in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. 35 mm rangefinder camera.

51. 1947 Gamma Duflex First SLR camera with instant mirror return, first metal focal-plane shutter SLR and first internal semi-automatic lens diaphragm

52. 1948 Hasselblad in Sweden offers its first medium-format SLR for commercial sale. Pentax in Japan introduces the automatic diaphragm. Edwin Land invented the instant polaroid camera. Polaroid sells instant black and white film

53. 1949 Contax S The first 35mm pentaprism SLR by the East German VEB Zeiss Ikon .

54. 1954 Doryu Pistol grip camera

55. 1959 Nikon F First camera with motor drive, DoF preview.

56. 1960 Diana, first camera with plastic lens, used to specifically take soft focus, impressionistic photographs somewhat reminiscent of the Pictorialist Period of artistic photography, but using contemporary themes and concepts, known as lomography .

57. 1963 Topcon RE super by Tokyo Kogaku . First camera with TTL, removable pentaprism and focusing screen. Edwin Land invented the color polaroid camera. Stanford University invented a videodisk camera

58. 1968 Konica C35 Automatic. First 35 mm camera with automatic exposure .

59. 1969 Hasselblad 500 EL. First camera used for space photography

60. 1972 110-format cameras introduced by Kodak with a 13x17mm frame

61. 1976 Minolta 110 SLR

62. 1981 Pentax ME F. First autofocus (AF) 35 mm SLR camera

63. 1981 Sony Mavica ( Magnetic Video Camera ) It was not a digital camera, as its CCD sensor produced an analog video signal in the NTSC format at a resolution of 570 × 490 pixels. Mavipak 2.0" diskettes (later adopted industry-wide as the Video Floppy and labelled "VF") were used to write 50 still frames onto tracks on disk

64. 1982 Kodak Disc Film

65. 1986 first disposable camera introduced by Fuji.

66. 1989 Konica Kanpai . First voice activated camera

67. 1986 Canon RC 701, first Still Video Camera

68. 1990 Adobe Photoshop launched. Mac version. Windows version starts from 1995.

69. 1991 Logitech Fotoman first commercially available digital cameras

70. 1991 Kodak Digital Camera System (DCS) first digital still capture SLR. Was a heavily modified Nikon F3 35 mm SLR

71. 1992 The Photo CD was introduced by Kodak .

72. 1994 Apple Q uick take 100 The first mass-market color digital camera .

73. 1994 Olympus D eltis vc-1100 The world's first digital camera with built-in transmission capabilities Color LCD viewfinder let you preview photos on location

74. 1995 Ricoh rdc-1 The first digital camera to offer both still and moving image and sound recording/reproduction Color LCD monitor provided a live viewfinder image

75. 1999 Kyocera VP-210. First Mobile Camera Phone

76. 1995 Casio QV-10 First Live view camera 2006 Olympus EVOLT E-330 First colour live view in interchangeable lens digital SLR

77. 2002 Sigma SD9, First DSLR with Dust reduction system

78. 2004 Konica Minolta Maxxum 7D, First DSLR with in-body image stabilization

79. 2004 First Digital rangefinder (R-D1) Epson- cosina

80. 2008 Nikon D90, captures video at 1280x720 (HD) resolution at 24 frame/s.

81. 2008 Panasonic Lumix G1, First camera with electronic viewfinder

82. 2012 Lytro The first consumer camera that records the entire light field-all the rays of light traveling in every direction through a scene-instead of a flat 2D image. Shoot first, focus later By capturing the light field, you can do incredible things. Like refocus pictures after you take them.

83. 2012 Sony RX1, First full frame compact camera

84. 2012 Nikon 800 e, First DSLR without AA filter. For razor sharp image.

85. 2014 Nikon 810, First DSLR with ‘Highlight weighted TTL meter’

86. 2016 Light L16 the first multi-aperture computational camera. The imaging engine combines up to 10 images with up to 130 megapixels of data in order to render each photograph. Adjustments to depth of field, focus and exposure can be made after the shot is captured.

87. 2016 First Dual Pixel Sensor Camera Canon 70D