History OF DNA typing

DNA tying is used for DNA analysis but when it started?
Read the slides to know more.

1. HISTORY OF FORENSIC DNA TYPING Presented By : Kapil Raikwar Volunteer APPLIED FORENSIC RESEARCH SCIENCES

2. CONTENTS Introduction Principle History Steps in dna typing Techniques Used In DNA typing Advantages Disadvantages Applications References

3. DNA typing is also known as DNA Fingerprinting. It is a technique to identify an individual and to distinguish between individuals of same species using only samples of their DNA. INTRODUCTION

4. DNA fingerprinting uses highly variably repeat sequences called VNTRs (Variable number of tandem repeats). Within a species, the nucleotide sequences of repeat units is highly conserved among all individuals, but difference in number of repeats is quite common. In human chromosomes, many VNTRs regions are bordered by restriction endonuclease sites on either side. Alleles of a given VNTR differ from each other in the segment size cut by restriction endonuclease. Thus give rise to unique RFLP patterns. PRINCIPLE

5. 1980 – Ray W hite describes first polymorphic RFLP marker. 1985 – Alec Jeffreys discove r multilocus VNTR probes. 1985 – First paper on PCR. 1988 – FBI starts DNA casework. 1991 – First STR paper. 1995 – FSS starts UK DNA database. 1998 – FBI launches CODIS database HISTORY

6. Steps in DNA Typing

7. Techniques Used in DNA typing

8. ADVANTAGES Easy and painless method. Affordable and reliable technique. Requires short amount of time. Since 1984, this technique is been used, thus making it highly developed and improved.

9. DISADVANTAGES The sample of DNA can be easily ruined during the process. The process is complex and tedious. The test need to be run on multiple samples for ideal accuracy.

10. Paternity and maternity. Criminal Identification and Forensics. Personal identification. APPLICATIONS

11. Butler, J. M. (2010). Fundamentals of forensic DNA typing. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press https://nebula.org/blog/dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid/ https://unsplash.com/s/photos/dna-fingerprint REFERENCES

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