History of Protein Discovery

You will know up to date of protein discovery within the shortest form as possible. It is made for an assignment, but I tried to make it aesthetic as possible!

1. Presented by: Sabarni Sarker HISTORY OF PROTEIN discovery

2. The similarity between the cooking of egg whites and the curdling of milk was recognized even in ancient times; for example, the name albumen for the egg-white protein was coined by Pliny the Elder (a scholar from ancient Rome) from the Latin albus ovi (egg white). Pre-history of Protein

3. Ancient people new much about the similarity of egg white and curdled milk

4. T here had been the concept of an " animal substance ," slight variants of which were thought to make up muscles, skin, and blood. But it turned into hard, hornlike material when heated and became foul-smelling when kept under moist, warm conditions, giving off an alkaline vapor. This contrasted with the properties of starch and sugar. In 1728, the Italian scholar Jacopo Beccari announced that he had discovered the presence of a material with all the characteristics of "animal substance" in white wheat flour . Pre-history of Protein

5. P roteins were recognized as a distinct class of biological molecules by Antoine Fourcroy at 1789 Members of this class were called albuminoids W ell-known examples at the start of the nineteenth century included albumen from egg whites, blood serum albumin, fibrin, and wheat gluten Protein: A Distinct Class

6. Dutch chemist Gerhardus Johannes Mulder carried out elemental analyses of common animal and plant proteins in 1837 To everyone's surprise, all proteins had nearly the same empirical formula, roughly C 400 H 620 N 100 O 120 with individual sulfur and phosphorus atoms. He hypothesized that there was one basic substance ( Grundstoff ) of proteins, and that it was synthesized by plants and absorbed from them by animals in digestion. Protein: the GRUNDSTOFF

7. Nomenclature of the protein Berzelius supported the theory of Mudler . He proposed the name "protein" for this substance in a letter dated 10 July 1838 . He said: The name protein that I propose for the organic oxide of fibrin and albumin, I wanted to derive from the Greek word πρωτειος (first; foremost), because it appears to be the primitive or principal substance of animal nutrition .

8. Gerardus Johannes Mulder (1802-1880) Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779-1848)

9. Protein Timeline 1819 : Leucine is the first amino acid isolated. The 20th, threonine , was not discovered until 1936 . 1902 : Emil Fisher and Franz Hofmeister (independently) discover the peptide bond . 1907-8 : Committees in England and the USA standardise the term protein. 1920 : Hermann Staudinger was the first effective proponent of the idea that true molecules of huge size are capable of stable existence. 1925 : N. Bjerrum , E. Q. Adams, K. Linderstrøm -Lang and others reach consensus about the zwitterionic character of proteins at the isoelectric pH.

10. Protein Timeline (Continued) 1929 , Hsien Wu hypothesized that denaturation was protein unfolding , a purely conformational change that resulted in the exposure of amino acid side chains to the solvent. 1930-1950 , The hypothesis of protein folding was followed by research into the physical interactions that stabilize folded protein structures . The secondary and low-resolution tertiary structure of globular proteins was investigated initially by hydrodynamic methods . After 1950 , Spectroscopic methods to probe protein structure were developed.

11. And Finally! The first atomic-resolution structures of proteins were solved by X-ray crystallography in the 1960s and by NMR in the 1980s . As of 2006 , the Protein Data Bank has nearly 40,000 atomic-resolution structures of proteins. In more recent times , cryo -electron microscopy of large macromolecular assemblies and computational protein structure prediction of small protein domain s are two methods approaching atomic resolution .

12. THANK YOU