History of science and technology of India.pptx

In this presentation we share the idea of history of science and technology

1. Unit-4

2. SRINIVAS RAMANUJAN (1887-1920) Srinivas I yengar R amanujan , one of india’s greatest mathematical genius, was born at Erode in Tamil N adu on 22 nd D ec, 1887. He showed an early aptitude for mathematics and independently discovered many theorems before receiving any formal training. Ramanujan’s work was discovered by the British mathematician G.H. Hardy, who recognized the brilliance of his insights. Hardy arranged for Ramanujan to travel to Cambridge university in England, where he collaborated with him and helped publish his work.

3. He made significant contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, Infinite series, and continued fractions, despite having almost no formal training in mathematics. Ramanujan’s contribution include groundbreaking results in areas such as partition theory, mock theta function and modular forms. Ramanujan continued to produce remarkable mathematics until his untimely death at the age of 32. his notebooks, containing thousands of result and formulas, continue to inspire mathematicians to this day.

4. CHANDRASEKHARA VENKATA RAMAN (1888-1970) C.V. Raman, was an Indian physicist who won the Nobel prize in physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect, which is named after him. Raman’s groundbreaking discovery occurred in 1928 when he observed that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light change in wavelength. The phenomenon, known as the Raman scattering/ raman effect. C.V.Raman’s work had profound impact on the field of physics, particularly in the study of molecular structure, spectroscopy and the behaviour of light.

5. Besides, his scientific achievement, c.v.Raman was also a respected educator and institution builder. He served as the director of the Indian institute of science in Bangalore, and played crucial role in shaping scientific research and education in India. For his contribution, to science, C.V.Raman received numerous awards and honour including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award in 1954. He passed away on Nov 21, 1970,leaving behind a rich legacy of scientific innovation and inspiration.

6. JAGADISH CHANDRA BOSE (1858-1937) Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937) was polymath with interest in biology, physics and botany and writing science fiction. He was a pioneer in the investigation of radio microwaves optics, made significant contribution to botany. Born on N ov 30,1858, in M ymensingh , Bengal(now in Bangladesh) Bose made pioneering discoveries in plant physiology. He used his own invention, the crescograph , to measure plant response to various stimuli and proved parallelism between animal and plant tissues.

7. A crater on the moon, was named in his honour. He is considered the Father of Bengali science fiction. He founded the Bose institute, a premier research institute India and also one of its oldest. Established in 1917, the institute was the first interdisciplinary research centre in Asia. He served as the Director of Bose institute from its inception until his death, on 23th Nov, 1937.

8. JAGADISH CHANDRA BOSE

9. ACHARYA PRAFULLA CHANDRA ROY (1861-1944) He was eminent Indian chemist, educator and entrepreneur who made substantial contributions to the field of chemistry. In 1887, he established the Bengal chemical and pharmaceutical works ltd, which was one of the earliest pharmaceutical companies in India, aiming to manufacture and market indigenous medicines. Ray played a significant role in promoting chemical education in India. He founded the Bengal chemical school in 1901, which later become the department of chemistry at the university of Calcutta.

10. Ray’s emphasis on practical, hands on training in chemistry helped the curriculum and pedagogy of chemistry education in India. His effort laid the foundation for the growth of the chemistry industry in India and inspired generations of scientists and entrepreneurs.

11. ACHARYA PRAFULLA CHANDRA ROY

12. SATYENDRA NATH BOSE (1894-1974) He was an Indian physicist best known for his groundbreaking work in quantum mechanics, particularly for his collaboration with Albert Einstein in developing the theory of Bose- E instein statistics and the concept of B ose – E instein condensates. Born on jan 1,1894, in calcutta (now kolkta ),. His early focused on the theory of radiation and the behaviour of blackbody radiation, which caught the attention of Albert Einstein, who recognized its significance. Bose-Einstein statistics played a crucial role in the development of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics, leading to important insight into the behaviour of particles at low temperature.

13. Bose’s collaboration with E instein laid the ground work for understanding phenomena such as superfludity and superconductivity. His work has had a profound impact on theoretical physics and he remains a revered figure in the scientific community.

14. SATYENDRA NATH BOSE

15. MEGHNAD SAHA (1893-1956) Meghnad saha was an Indian astrophysicist renowned for his pioneering work in the field of astrophysics, particularly in the area of thermal ionization and its application to stellar atmosphere. He is best known for developing the saha ionization equation, which describe the relationship between the ionization states of an elements in a gas and the temperature and pressure of the gas. Born on oct 6, 1893, in Shaoratoli , Bengal (now in Banladesh ). He served as the president of the Indian science congress and as a member of the Indian parliament.

16. He was instrumental in the establishment of several scientific institution of India, including the Indian association for the cultivation of science(IACS) and the saha institute of nuclear physics. His contributions to astrophysics and science education in India have earned him numerous honours, awards, including the Padma Bhushan one of India's highest civilian awards.

17. MEGHNAD SAHA

18. HOMI JEHANGIR BHABHA(1909-1966) Homi jehangir bhabha was an Indian physicist who played a crucial role in the development of nuclear physics and the establishment of India's atomic energy program. Born on Oct’30,1909, in Bombay(now Mumbai), pursued his Education in England, where he earned his doctorate from the University of Cambridge. He made significant contributions to theoretical Physics, particularly in the fields of cosmic rays and Quantum theory.

19. He played a pivotal role in advocating for the development of nuclear Science & technology in India emphasizing it’s importance for the Country’s energy security & scientific advancement. In 1994, Bhabha founded the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research(TIFR) in Bombay, which became a leading centre for scientific research in India. He also played a key role in establishing the atomic Energy commission of India in 1948 and served as it’s first Chairman.

20. Bhabha’s vision and leadership laid the foundation for India’s nuclear program, which eventually led to the Country’s development of nuclear power & nuclear weapons capabilities. Despite his untimely death in a plane crash in 1966, he is remembered as one of the India’s most influential scientist & a visionary leader in nuclear science & technology.

21. Homi jahangir bhabha

22. DR. VIKRAM SARABHAI (1919-1971) D r. V ikram S arabhai, was an Indian physicist, industrialist and visionary who played a pivotal role in the development of science and technology in India. He is often regarded as the father of the Indian space program. Born on august 12,1919, in Ahmadabad, Gujarat, studied natural sciences at the university of Cambridge and earned a doctorate in physics from the university of Cambridge in 1947. In 1962, he founded the Indian national committee for space research (INCOSPAR), which later evolved into the Indian space research organization (ISRO)

23. Under his leadership, India launched its first satellite, A ryabhata , in1975, making it one of the few countries in the world to have its own satellite program. He played a key role in the establishment of several scientific and educational institutions in India, including the physical research laboratory (PRL) in Ahmadabad and Indian institute of management(IIM) in Ahmadabad. He advocated for the application of space technology in areas such as telecommunication, weather forecasting and natural resource management. Tragically, vikram sarabhai passed away on D ec 30, 1971.He is remembered as a pioneer, a visionary leader and tireless advocate for the use of science and technology for the betterment of humanity.