Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanism in Humans.pptx

This video is about homeostasis, it's types, mechanism and examples.

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CONTENT OF THIS SLIDE:

INTRODUCTION
All different bodily cells work together for proper functioning.
Maintaining a constant internal environment – by providing the cells with what they need to survive (oxygen, nutrients, and removal of waste) – is necessary for the well-being of individual cells and of the entire body. 
The many processes by which the body controls its internal environment are collectively called homeostasis. 

Homeostasis
The tendency to maintain a stable, relatively constant internal environment is called homeostasis.

Simply, homeostasis refers to the body or cells’ internal:
Stability
Balance
Equilibrium

EXAMPLES
Body’s Temperature
35o - 41.7oc
Average: 37oc
Stomach’s pH
Acidic
Concentration of various ions and molecules
i.e.: glucose, Na/Cl

IMPORTANCE
Required to maintain a stable internal environment
By constant adjustments - as conditions change inside and outside of the cell.
Makes the maintenance of homeostasis, a complementary activity of body and an important characteristic of living things.

Adjustment of systems within a cell is called HOMEOSTATIC REGULATION.
Must be made continuously – because the internal and external environments of a cell are changing continuously
Adjusted to stay at/near the set point (the normal level or range).
That’s why homeostasis can be thought of as a DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM.

TYPES

MECHANISM
Feedback Regulation Loop
A physiological regulation system in a living body that works to return the body to its normal internal state in a continuous dynamic manner.

Working
Feedback regulation occurs by responding to a stimulus in such a way that it has an effect of some kind on the original stimulus.
The type of response determines what the feedback is called.
Negative feedback occurs when the response to a stimulus reduces the original stimulus. 
Positive feedback occurs when the response to a stimulus increases the original stimulus.

Example
Thermoregulation:
Body temperature rises above set point (i.e., exercise)
Body’s nervous system will activate the mechanisms to cool it down
Blood flow to the skin increases – to speed up heat loss into surroundings
Skin’s sweat glands activation – to start evaporation for cooling
Heavy breathing – to increase heat loss.

ORGAN SYSTEMS INVOLVED
Organ System Involved

DISRUPTION TO HOMEOSTASIS
Anything that interferes with the feedback mechanisms will disrupt the homeostasis.
A disruption within one system generally has consequences for several additional body systems

1. HOMEOSTASIS

2. INTRODUCTION

3. All different bodily cells work together for proper functioning. Maintaining a constant internal environment – by providing the cells with what they need to survive (oxygen, nutrients, and removal of waste) – is necessary for the well-being of individual cells and of the entire body.  The many processes by which the body controls its internal environment are collectively called homeostasis. 

4. Homeostasis The tendency to maintain a stable, relatively constant internal environment is called homeostasis.

5. Simply, homeostasis refers to the body or cells’ internal: Stability Balance Equilibrium

6. EXAMPLES

7. Body’s Temperature 35 o - 41.7 o c Average: 37 o c Stomach’s pH Acidic Concentration of various ions and molecules i.e.: glucose, Na/ Cl

8. IMPORTANCE

9. Required to maintain a stable internal environment By constant adjustments - as conditions change inside and outside of the cell. Makes the maintenance of homeostasis, a complementary activity of body and an important characteristic of living things.

10. Adjustment of systems within a cell is called HOMEOSTATIC REGULATION . Must be made continuously – because the internal and external environments of a cell are changing continuously Adjusted to stay at/near the set point (the normal level or range). That’s why homeostasis can be thought of as a DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM.

11. TYPES

12. MECHANISM

13. Feedback Regulation Loop

14. Feedback Regulation Loop A physiological regulation system in a living body that works to return the body to its normal internal state in a continuous dynamic manner.

15. Working Feedback regulation occurs by responding to a stimulus in such a way that it has an effect of some kind on the original stimulus. The type of response determines what the feedback is called. Negative feedback occurs when the response to a stimulus reduces the original stimulus.  Positive feedback occurs when the response to a stimulus increases the original stimulus.

16. Example Thermoregulation: Body temperature rises above set point (i.e., exercise) Body’s nervous system will activate the mechanisms to cool it down Blood flow to the skin increases – to speed up heat loss into surroundings Skin’s sweat glands activation – to start evaporation for cooling Heavy breathing – to increase heat loss.

17. ORGAN SYSTEMS INVOLVED

18. Organ System Involved

19. DISRUPTION TO HOMEOSTASIS

20. Anything that interferes with the feedback mechanisms will disrupt the homeostasis. A disruption within one system generally has consequences for several additional body systems. In the case of the human body, this may lead to disease. Conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and acid-base imbalances are examples of disruptions to homeostasis .

21. ADAPTATIONS FOR HOMEOSTASIS

22. Organisms adapt to maintain homeostasis in challenging environments . Animals in extreme climates Hibernation: Beer, squirrel Plants in arid conditions or environmental changes Water storage: Cactus

23. Remember Balance is the key to a healthy life.