Homogeneous-and-Heterogeneous-Mixtures.pdf

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1. General Chemistry 1/2
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
General Chemistry 8
Homogeneous and
Heterogeneous
Mixtures

2. A cup of coffee, a bottle of rubbing alcohol, and a puddle
of mud have something in common. They are all
examples of mixtures.
2

3. 3
A cup of coffee
contains water, coffee
extract, sugar, and
sometimes, milk.
3

4. 4
Wine is made up of
alcohol and water,
the products of
fermentation.

5. A puddle of mud is composed of dirt, water, and possibly
other substances. .
5

6. Mixturesare a classification of matter
which is made up of two or more pure
substances that can have varying
compositions.
6

7. 7
What are different
classifications of mixtures?

8. Learning Competency
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:
8
Differentiate between homogeneous and
heterogeneous mixtures (STEM_GC11MP -Ia-b-
8).

9. Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following:
9
●Differentiate between homogeneous and
heterogeneous mixtures.
●Identify mixtures as solutions.
●Identify mixtures as suspensions and colloids.

10. 10
There are two classifications for matter based on
composition and properties:
●PureSubstances
●Mixtures
Classifications of Matter

11. 11
Pure Substances
●A pure substancecannot be further broken down or
purified by physical means.
●Each substance has its own characteristic properties
that are different from the set of properties of any
other substance.
Classifications of Matter

12. 12
Mixtures
●Mixturesare combinations of two or more pure
substances in which each substance retains its own
composition and properties.
Classifications of Matter

13. 13
In a mixture, substances do not react with each other.
Classifications of Matter

14. Remember
14
In any mixture, the composition can be
varied and each component of the
mixture retains its own properties.

15. 15
A mixture can be classified based on the distribution of
the components:
●HomogeneousMixtures
●HeterogeneousMixtures
Classifications of Matter

16. 16
How can you differentiate
between homogeneous and
heterogeneous mixtures?

17. 17
Homogeneous Mixture
●It is also referred to as solution.
●It is a combination of two or more substances that
cannot be distinguished from each other.
●Ithasuniformcompositionandproperties.
Classifications of Mixtures

18. 18
Homogeneous Mixtures
Classifications of Mixtures
fruit juice coins soda

19. 19
Homogeneous Mixtures
●Otherexamplesofsolutionsinclude:
○saltwater;
○somealloys,whicharehomogeneousmixturesof
metalsinthesolid-state;and
○air(freeofparticulatematterormists).
Classifications of Mixtures

20. 20
Heterogeneous Mixture
●It is a combination of two or more substances that can
be distinguished from each other.
●Ithasvaryingcompositionandproperties.
●It can be further classified either as suspensionsor
colloids.
Classifications of Mixtures

21. 21
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Classifications of Mixtures
candies oil and water soup

22. 22
Heterogeneous Mixtures
●Otherexamplesofheterogeneousmixturesinclude:
○mixturesofsaltandpepper(inwhichtwo
components withdifferentcolorscanbe
distinguishedeasilyfromeachotherbysight),
○foggyair(whichincludesasuspendedmistofwater
droplets),and
○vegetablesoup.
Classifications of Mixtures

23. 23
Solutions
●In a solution, one component is uniformly dissolved
and scattered in another component to form a
homogeneous composition.
●It consists of two components: the solventand the
solute.
Classifications of Mixtures

24. 24
Solutions
●The solventis the one that is more abundant in
solutions. It is the dissolving medium.
●The soluteis the component present in less amount in
a solution. It is the substance being dissolved.
Classifications of Mixtures

25. 25
Solutions
●When a solute dissolves in a solvent, the solute
particles break apart into very small pieces and get
evenly distributed in the bulk of the solution.
●The particles of a solution are too small to be seen by
the naked eye and to be distinguished from each
other.
Classifications of Mixtures

26. Remember
26
Homogeneous mixtures are mixtures
whose components are evenly
distributed and cannot be distinguished
from one another. They are also called
solutions.

27. 27
Liquid Solutions
Types of Solutions
Type of Solution Solution Solute Solvent
solid-liquidsaltwater salt water
liquid-liquidvinegar acetic acid water
gas-liquidcarbonated
drinks
carbon dioxidewater

28. 28
Solid Solutions
Types of Solutions
Type of SolutionSolution Solute Solvent
solid-solidbrass zinc copper
liquid-solidamalgam mercury silver

29. 29
Types of Solutions
Gaseous Solutions
●Gaseous solutions are solutions wherein the solvent is
in the gaseous phase.
●Airis an example of a gaseous solution, when it is free
of particulate matter or mist.

30. 30
Types of Heterogeneous Mixtures
Gaseous Solutions
●The components of a heterogeneous mixture are
visually distinct from each other.
●It can have two or more phases.
●Heterogeneous mixtures can be further classified
based on the distribution of its components—namely
suspensionsand colloids.

31. 31
How can you determine the
type of heterogeneous mixture?

32. 32
Types of Heterogeneous Mixtures
Suspensions
●A suspensionis a heterogeneous mixture whose
solutes do not completely dissolve and its particles
settle into clumps or layers when left undisturbed.
●A separate, distinct layer from the solvent will be
formed when the solute settles due to gravity.
●Particles of a suspension are larger than particles of a
solution.

33. 33
Mud in water is an example of suspension.
Types of Heterogeneous Mixtures

34. 34
When mud is mixed with water, it is initially hazy.
Types of Heterogeneous Mixtures

35. 35
Mud settles at the bottom. They formdistinct layers.
Types of Heterogeneous Mixtures

36. 36
Types of Heterogeneous Mixtures
Colloids
●A colloidis a heterogeneous mixture whose solute-like
particles are dispersed in a medium.
●It is made up of a dispersed phase(solute-like
particles) and a dispersing medium(solvent-like
medium).

37. 37
Types of Heterogeneous Mixtures
Colloids
●The dispersed phase particles are very light and minute
enough to stay suspended in the dispersing medium
for a long time, unlike the large particles that settle in
suspensions.

38. 38
Types of Heterogeneous Mixtures
Types of Colloids
●Colloids, like solutions, can be classified based on the
physical state of the dispersing medium. They can be
classified either as gaseous colloids, liquid colloids,
or solid colloids.

39. 39
Gaseous Colloids
●A solid aerosolis formed
when the dispersed phase is
a solid. An example of a
solid aerosol is smoke.
●Smoke contains solid
particulate matter or very
small particles that are
dispersed in the air.
Types of Colloids

40. 40
Gaseous Colloids
●A liquid aerosolis formed
when the dispersed phase is
a liquid.
●Deodorant spray is an
example of a liquid aerosol,
where the liquid deodorant
solution is suspended in the
air when it is sprayed.
Types of Colloids

41. 41
Liquid Colloids
●A solid disperse phase suspended in a liquid is called a
liquid sol. An example of liquid sol is ink.
●The solid insoluble pigments are suspended in a liquid
organic solvent in an ink.
Types of Colloids

42. 42
Liquid Colloids
●On the other hand, a liquid
suspended in another liquid is
called an emulsion.
●Milk is an example of an emulsion
as liquid fats and proteins are
dispersed in water.
Types of Colloids

43. 43
Liquid Colloids
●A gas suspended in a liquid
is called a liquid foam.
●One example is shaving
foam.
●Air is dispersed in the liquid
soap medium to form the
foamy texture in shaving
foam.
Types of Colloids

44. 44
Solid Colloids
●A gas dispersed in a solid is called a solid foam.
Styrofoam is composed of gas suspended in a solid
polymer matrix of polystyrene.
Types of Colloids

45. 45
Solid Colloids
●A liquid suspended in a solid
is called a gel. An example of
a gel is Jell-O.
●Liquid water molecules are
dispersed in a solid gelatin
matrix.
Types of Colloids

46. 46
Solid Colloids
●A solid suspended in
another solid is called a
solid sol.
●Colored glass is an example
of a solid sol because
insoluble solid pigments are
suspended in the solid
matrix of the glass.
Types of Colloids

47. Remember
47
Heterogeneous mixtures are mixtures
of two or more phases combined
together with varying composition and
properties. The components are visually
distinct from each other. A
heterogeneous mixture can be
classified either as a suspension or
colloid.

48. 48
Types of Mixtures
Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids
●In a solution, its particles are very small that they
cannot be seen by the naked eye.
●In a suspension, the particles are very large that they
can be distinguished by the naked eye.
●In between the particle size of solutions and
suspensions are colloids.

49. 49
How can you differentiate
solutions, suspensions, and
colloids?

50. 50
Tyndall Effect
Light is not blocked by the particles of a solution.

51. 51
Tyndall Effect
Light is blocked by the particles of suspension.

52. 52
Tyndall Effect
Light is dispersed by the particles of colloids.

53. Tips
53
When differentiating between
homogeneous and heterogeneous
mixtures, you should first look for
uniformity. If the mixture has only one
phase, it is a homogeneous mixture
(solution). If it has two or more phases,
it is a heterogeneous mixture.

54. 54
What are some important
applications of mixture
separations?

55. Check Your Understanding
55
Identify the terms described in each of the following
items.
1.It is the mixture that has a constant appearance all
throughout.
2.It is the mixture made up of two components: the
solute and the solvent.
3.It is the mixture that has varying composition and
properties with two or more component substances
with different phases.

56. Let’s Sum It Up!
56
●A mixture is a blend of two or more substances
combined together through a physical process.
●A homogeneous mixture is a combination of
two or more substances that cannot be
distinguished from each other. It has uniform
composition and properties.

57. Let’s Sum It Up!
57
●A heterogeneous mixtureis a combination of
two or more substances that can be distinguished
from each other. It has varying composition and
properties.
●Homogeneous mixtures are also called solutions.

58. Let’s Sum It Up!
58
●A suspensionis a heterogeneous mixture whose
solutes do not completely dissolve. The insoluble
particles settle into clumps or layers when left
undisturbed.
●A colloidis a heterogeneous mixture whose
solute-like particles are dispersed in a medium.

59. Challenge Yourself
5959
How can you compare a solution, a
suspension, and a colloid? Create a
diagram or flowchart to present
solutions, suspensions and colloids.

60. Bibliography
60
Brown,TheodoreL.2004.Chemistry:TheCentralScience(11thed).Singapore:PearsonEducation(Asia)
PteLtd.Print.
Chang,Raymond.2010.Chemistry(10thed).NewYork:McGraw-Hill.Print.
Petrucci,RalphH.GeneralChemistry:PrinciplesandModernApplications.Toronto,Ont.:Pearson
Canada,2011.Print.
Silberberg,MartinS.2009.Chemistry:TheMolecularNatureofMatterandChange(5thed).NewYork:
McGraw-Hill.
Whitten,KennethW.Chemistry(10thed).Boston:CengageLearning,2013.Print.