HOR112fruits and plantation crops- Sapota.pptx

Production Technology for Spaota

1. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF SAPOTA SK DHAVAMUKUNTHAN 2023039017

2. INTRODUCTION… Scientific name : Achras sapota Common name : Chiku / sapodilla Family : Sapotaceae 2n = 26 Type of fruit : Berry Edible portion : Mesocarp

3. ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION… Native: Topical America - South Mexico or Central America. Cultivated - West Indies , Philippines , Malaysia , Indonesia , Sri- lanka and India . India - Karnataka , Gujarat , AP , WB , Maharashtra and TN .

4. Nutritive facts…

5. Production & Productivity…

6. Importance and uses… Good source of sugars , protein , fat , fiber and minerals (Ca, P, Fe). A dessert fruit. Latex from stems and immature fruits is used in the preparation of chewing gum . Fruits are dried and powdered - used in Milk shakes and sweets .

7. Contains vitamin-C (24.5% of recommended daily intake per 100 g of fruit) Vitamin –A (410IU/100g) and Potassium (344mg/100g ) Sugar : 12-14 % Rich in antioxidant polyphenolic compound tannin .

8. Botany… Long pre bearing age. Flowers are protogyny . Fruit are borne in the axils of the leaves of current season growth. Edible portion - Mesocarp . Types of pollination- Aneomophilous crop

9. Climate and soil… Tropical fruit and can be grown up to 1200m . Annual rainfalls 125-250 cm are best. Temperature 11 to 34 degree C . High temperature - drying of stigmatic surface . Damaged by dry and strong winds . Deep Sandy loams or alluvial soils or medium black soils are best. Calcareous soils (pH 6-8) give good crops of Sapota .

10. CULTIVARS…

11. Kalipatti : Commercially grown in Maharashtra, Gujarat, North Karnataka. Oval shaped fruits, appear singly-superior.

12. Pala : Popular in AP and TN. F ruits small, oval, heavy bearer in clusters.

13. Kirthibarthi : Popular in AP. Fruits small to medium with 4-5 ridges, oval, superior, withstands long transport.

14. Dwarapudi : Popular in AP. fruits round like cricket ball, superior .

15. Cricket ball : Popular in TN, Karnataka, Maharashtra, WB AP. Fruits large, round, superior, shy bearer.

16. Calcatta Round : WB, Karnataka, AP fruits large, medium quality

17. Guthi : Fruit elliptical, small, brown, Pulp less juicy, soft, gritty, brown, with slight aroma .

18. VARIETIES…

19. CO1: Cricket ball X Oval Table purpose, long oval, medium sized , with sweet taste , fruits oblong , flesh reddish brown, Bearing after 4 years of planting.

20. CO2: Clonal selection from Baramasi Round shape; bigger than Co.1, fruit oblong-round, medium sized, flesh soft juicy, sweet, gritty, light brown in colour with pleasant aroma.

21. CO3: Cricket Ball X Vavilavalasa The trees are intermediate stature with compact canopy. Highly suitable for high density planting. It bears fruits all through the year.

22. PKM1: Clonal selection from Guthi F ruits medium sized, elliptical- oblong with thin skin, rich in sugars.

23. PKM2: Guthi X Kirtibarthi Fruits are bigger in size, oval shaped, Yield increase is 42.76 per cent over PKM.1 variety.

24. PKM3: Guthi X Cricket ball The fruits bear in clusters with oval shaped large fruits, mature earlier than other varieties.

25. PKM4: C lone of PKM 1 Distinguisely spindle shaped fruits. The flesh has a light pink colour with pleasant flavor. PKM5: Selection from OP seedlings of Virudhunagar Oval shaped attractive fruits with smooth, light brown skin which facilitates a good market appeal. Flesh is crisp and retains coppery brown colour while other sapota varieties turn dark brown after ripening.

26. Land preparation… The land is ploughed two to three times and then levelled. Undulating land is divided into terraces and leveling is done. The plants for windbreak may be planted at a distance of 1.5-1.8 m in the row .

27. PROPAGATION… Approach grafting - February (Jan-March) Soft wood grafting : May - July Air layering using 10,000PPM (1BA+NAA) gives good rooting. Budding - May Commercially propagated by grafting on Rayan or khirni ( Manilkara hexandra ) root tocks .

28. PLANTING… Spacing is 8-10m ; 1m cube pits are dug. Pits are to be filled with mixture of FYM and soils with 1.2 kg of bone meal. Planting system- square system . High density planting with 5mx5m spacing improves yield.

29. Interculture … Intercrops - Banana , Papaya , leguminous vegetables . Weeding should be regular. Spraying SADH 100ppm gives good fruit set. ( Planofix )NAA 300ppm gives fruit retention . Sprayings are done twice before flowering and again at pea stage.

30. Training and Pruning… T he lower most branches on the trunk up to 60-90cm. No regular pruning is needed for Sapota . Training system – central leader system.

31. Harvesting and yield… Commercial yield from 7th year onwards. Takes about 7-10 moths from fruit set to maturity. Maturity Index; 1. Milky latex on scratching will be reduced & shows an yellow streak than green streak. 2. Brown scaly material gets reduced. 3. Dried stigma at the tip of the fruit drops easily. 4. Develops dull orange or potato color.

32. YIELD… 3 year - 100 fruits 5 year - 250 fruits 7 year - 700 fruits 8 year - 800 fruits 10 year - 1000 fruits 11 year - 1500 fruits 15 year - 2000 fruits 30 year - 2500-3000 fruits/plant/year. The average yield is 15-20 ton/ha .

33. Pests… Stem borer ( Isocrata tetraonis ) Mealy bug ( Phenacoccus icerjoides ) Fruit borer ( Virachola isocrates ). DISEASES… Leafspot ( Phoecophleospora indica ). Sooty mould .

34. THANK YOU …