Hormones Science Reproduction Guide less

Science lesson

1. Do you know that hormones are produced and secreted by the glands in ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS? The organs of the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands and the OVARIES and TESTES. The hormones produced by the endocrine glands act as chemical messengers.

2. How Hormones Work? Each hormones that a particular endocrine gland produces or secretes contains instructions that are specific to a certain cell type; they bind to and enacted by specific cell called target cells.

3. The relationship between a hormone and a receptor of a target cell – be it on the cell membrane or cytoplasm – is similar to that of a lock and key. Once it recognizes its target cell, a hormone’s shape (key) matches and binds to a particular receptor (lock) on its target cells. The hormone then sends the message that signals the cell to change its activity.

4. THE GONADS The human reproductive organs are collectively called GONADS. The reproductive organs in females are the ovaries , while testes for males. Both the testes and ovaries produce sex hormones responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics during teenage years. The testes produce androgens, of which the most important is testosterone. These male hormones induce the development of facial hair, body mass, and deep voice and the production of sperm. The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone that control the development of breast, menstruation, and fertility. Other female reproductive structures such as the placenta and uterus release other hormones during pregnancy and childbirth .

5. HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

6. THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES HORMONES DESCRIPTION Testosterone It is made in the interstitial cells of the testes Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ( GnRH ) It is responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitar y gland. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) It is released b y the anterior pituitary gland. Its presence in males is necessary for the maturation of spermatozoa. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) It is produced b y the anterior pituitary gland. It causes the synthesis of the testosterone.

7. TRY THIS OUT Direction: Identify the hormones secreted in the Male Reproductive System using the description in the table below. Choose your answer from the box below. Follicle Simulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ( GnRH ) Testosterone A _____ B_______________________________ Influencing the development of secondary male characteristics. Maintains reproduction tract Promotes sperm production Influence sex drive and behavior. Promotes/initiates sperm production Releases by pituitary gland

8. C. ____________________________ Assist spermatogenesis and initiates production of testosterone in the testes. Release by pituitary gland. D. __________________________ Secreted by hypothalamus gland. Causes pituitary to release FSH and LH Testosterones production is regulated b y the Negative Feedback .

9. ANSWER : TESTOSTERONE FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONES (FSH) LUTEINIZING HORMONES (LH) GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONES ( GnRH )

10. THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES HORMONES DESCRIPTION Estrogen It is a female reproductive hormone produced primarily by the ovaries in the non- pregnant women. Progesterone It is produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ( GnRH ) It is responsible for the release of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FHS) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the h ypothalamus gland. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) It is produced by the pituitary gland during the first half of menstrual cycle. It is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the pituitary gland in the brain.

11. TRY THIS OUT : Write the missing letters to reveal the terms that will complete the following sentences. 1. _STR_G_N is produced by the ovaries in the non-pregnant women. 2. PR_G_ST_R_N_ is produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary. 3. Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ( GnRH ) is responsible for the release of FSH and LH from the HYP_TH_L_M_S gland. 4. F_LL_CL_-ST_M_L_T_NG H_RM_N_S (FSH) is produced by the pituitary gland during the first half of the menstrual cycle. 5. L_T_ _N_Z_NG H_RM_N_ (LH) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the pituitary gland in the brain.

12. ANSWER : ESTROGEN PROGESTERONE HYPOTHALAMUS FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONES LUTEINIZING HORMONES

13. THE ROLE OF HORMONES IN THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TESTOSTERONE It is responsible for the secondary for the secondary sexual characteristics that develop in the male during adolescence period. GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ( GnRH ) It is made in the hypothalamus and travels to the pituitary where it stimulates FSH and LH secretion. FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) It stimulates spermatogenesis and testicular growth LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) It stimulates the production of testosterone.

14. THE ROLE OF HORMONES IN THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ESTROGEN It promotes the maturation and release of an ovum in every menstrual cycle. It is responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics. PROGESTERONE Its function is to prepare the endometrium (lining of the uterus) for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It also suppresses the production of estrogen after the ovulation has occurred. GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE( GnRN ) It causes the release of two important hormones FSH and LH from the pituitary gland

15. FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) It stimulates development of the maturing ovarian follicle and controls ovum production in the female. LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) It stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone. It triggers ovulation ( the release of a mature ovum from the ovary ). It promotes the development of the corpus luteum.

16. EFFECTS OF HORMONES AT THE ONSET OF PUBERTY Testosterone (male) Estrogen (Female) Regulates sexual drive Regulate menstrual cycle. Deepening of voice Broadening of the pelvis. Growth of facial axillary and pubic hair Growth of facial axillary and pubic hair. Muscle mass and strength Development of breast Production of red blood cells and sperm. Further development of uterus and vagina

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