HOUSING FOR RURAL INDIA.pptx

Rural India facts, House components, basic needs, Vaastu shastra, case studies, natural material for house construction, low-cost housing

1. Housing For Rural India Under “Awake Mother India Campaign ”, At Aeronautics Department , IITK , Under Guidance of Dr. D.P. Mishra Sir 1 Bharatvarsh Ka Praudhyogiki Sansthan, Kanpur Prof. SAMIRSINH.P.PARMAR DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KANPUR, INDIA Mail: [email protected]

2. Housing purposes in rural India Protection against: Weather Animals/insects/creatures harmful to human life. Theft ( Safe storage) Against natural calamities like earth quake, tornado, flood etc . Shelter for cattle's, storage of agricultural products. 2

3. Some Statistics of Census Data: Bharatvarsh 3

4. Some Data Collection 4

5. 5

6. Effort done by Government of INDIA 6

7. Rural Households by Material of Roof- Bharatvarsh, 2001 and 2011 (in %) 7

8. Rural Households by material of Wall-India census 2001 and 2011 (in %) 8

9. Rural Households by material of floor- I ndia Census 2001 and 2011(in %) 9

10. Households having bathing facility within the premises- 2011 India Census (%) 10

11. Sanitation in Rural India 11

12. The Year-wise details of physical achievements under Bharat Nirman (Phase-I) 12

13. Minimum Planning Requirement of Rural House: Considering Indian Vedanta Culture Living area for minimum 6 persons ( Considering two couple and two children) Minimum 2 bedroom , living room and a kitchen. Bathing and sanitary block ( May be detached or connected as per local cultural belief or comfort) Wash area for utensils and clothes outside the house. Plinth should be min. 2 feet. ( Can vary as local requirements). 13

14. Minimum Aesthetic Requirement of Rural House: Considering Indian Vedanta Culture Most of the houses should be detached from all four sides. ( Concept of privacy and ventilation serves). There will be boundary by mud wall or tree fencing. In front yard there must be a plant of “ tulsi ”. In back yard there should be Herbal garden as well as some (not all) seasonal fruits tree. The house should get some amount of shadow of trees like ashok , neem or mango. Adopt Vaastu planning to get maximum benefits from mother nature. 14

15. “ Vaastu ” A scientific Indian House planning way 15

16. Minimum Environmental Requirement of Rural House: Considering Indian Vedanta Culture Each dwelling unit must have sufficient openings so circulation and bulk change of air mass possible inside. The material should be environment friendly. ( No artificial materials like plastic and metals) Looking to change in next generation extreme seasonal conditions the thermal requirements of the house should be satisfied. “energy efficient house” concept can also be possible to adopt. Rain water harvesting system for each house should be adopted. 16

17. “ Tulsi ” plant in front of house or in back yard Creates positive energy Ayurveda's best herb after “ Amrit ” Solution of cough in human body. 17

18. “Indian Traditional Welcome” to Guests 18 A traditional welcome Indian house Guests Brings happiness and pleasing environment inside house Brings positive energy inside the house.

19. Engineering Requirement of any Housing structure Should stand against low magnitude (4.5) of earthquakes. (Strong against vibration). Can withstand wind speed @ 60 kmph . Can sustain operational impacts. No moisture within a structure. Failure should be gradual. 19

20. Rural housing material requirements Locally available materials Cheap / Economical Environment friendly Good for Human health Less in weight Low degradability Bad conductor of heat Durable ( 10-15 yrs max.) Good Strength 20

21. Why Re-thinking on Indian Rural Housing? Loosing cultural heritage of local house construction pattern. Modernization in rural housing sector. Un-hygienic, less or non ventilated houses. Various problems related to housing ( i ) Privacy (ii) Neighborhood feeling (iii) mentality (iv) Cost of land (v) encroachment (vi) Local land policies Indian vernacular architecture is almost all on the verge of end. 21

22. Reasons why Rural India showing decline? Migration to cities Governance policies of past and present government Land acquisition bill policies 22

23. What we want in Indian rural housing ? Major martials used in house construction should be locally available. The construction technique is as simple as possible. P ersons living can construct, repair and maintain it by themselves. Local architecture, cultural heritage, should be prevented. Good Health of residents. Positive energy creation in houses. Spirituality and attachment in family. Values of Human Life will remain prevented. 23

24. Major Components of rural Indian house Floor Wall Roof 24

25. Low cost floor materials Stones Mud flooring Wooden floor Cement Floor Mosaic Tile floor 25

26. Stone floor Advantages: Cheap if locally available in sheet formation Durable for years Impervious material Stable Can resist (functional) impacts Cost: Free in local vicinity Mable : 35-40 Rs / sq ft Kota stone: 28-40 Rs / Sq ft Nibhada : 22-28 Rs / Sq ft Disadvantages: Costly if needs dressing Costly for transportation Not easy to handle in large size 26

27. Mud flooring How They Are Doing it? Cow dung mixed with plastic clay and slurry kind formation makes the mixture of mud flooring. Before applying it on ground , the ground surface is soaked well before 2-3 hours. Advantages: Free of cost in rural area Cool in Summer and Warm in winters Environment friendly If corrugated gives acupuncture effect Adopted from decades in rural India Disadvantages: Skill required ( But not too technical) Human labor required Durable only for a year 27

28. Wooden floor Advantages: Bad conductor of heat and cold Light weight, easy to handle Easy to apply Durable if coatings applied Disadvantages: Chances of catching fire Low moisture resistant Degradation is possible because of insects/pests High quality wood is too costly as they become a fashion trend of rich peoples Cost of Low Quality wooden sheet is : 15-20 Rs / Sq ft 28

29. Wall Materials : For Rural India Wooden Wall Bamboo wall Bamboo reinforced mud wall Grass and tree branched reinforced mud walls Stone mud wall 29

30. Wooden wall Planks of common available wood can be used. Simple to connect and erect. Good in case of earthquake prone zone. Failure is not catastrophic. Nice architectural effects possible. 30

31. Bamboo wall Economical Environment friendly Good for Indian seasonal variation in temperature Failure “ Never claimed” in History of civil engineering. 31

32. Bamboo reinforced mud walls 32 Advantages: Low cost Cool inside in summer and warm in winter Easy to construct Good strength due to bamboo reinforcement Good against vibration Reasonably durable Disadvantages: Disintegrates if there is permanent moisture. Wash out in floods

33. Cow Dung and Local Vegetable Husk + Local available wood 33 Advantages: Low cost Cool inside in summer and warm in winter Easy to construct Good strength due to reinforcement Good against vibration Reasonably durable Disadvantages: Disintegrates if there is permanent moisture. Wash out in floods Fire susceptible

34. Mud & Stone Composite wall Advantages: Low cost if local availability there Less skill required Disadvantages: Less stable against vibrations History of max. failure during eq. Less bonding between mud and stone Not easy to handle after certain height Bad technique for earthquake prone zone 34

35. Roofing Material 35

36. Rural India Roof material Grass Roof Bamboo / wood roof Stone roof Handmade tiles Manufactured tiled roof Bamboo corrugated sheets Other materials 36

37. Grass roof 37 Advantages: Economical Light weight Bad conductor of heat Disadvantages: Fire susceptible Less durable, need to change every year Good attachment required with ribs so can bare the heavy wind blow

38. Coconut leaves roof Most popular in Costal Belt of south India 38

39. Bamboo / wood/ grass roof 39 Advantages: Proven technique Durable Good Strength Aesthetic and good for Holistic health Creates good environment inside house.

40. Stone roof 40 Slate Tile Roofing Not conventionally used in India Used near zansi / lalitpur (UP) region where flat rocks available naturally Advantage: Stable No fixtures required Economical in near by availability Aesthetic Disadvantages: Too heavy to operate Not safe for earthquake prone regions

41. Handmade tiles No skill required to manufacture. Installation and maintenance does not require special skill. Can be manufactured by local soils Good for air circulation Never fill suffocation inside the house. Durable ( max. up to 10 yrs ) 41

42. Manufactured tiled roof Bad conductor of heat Good ventilation Aesthetic Low maintenance Various shape/design/ color available 42

43. Bamboo mat Corrugated Roofing Light weight Easy to handle Low durability Fire Susceptible material Single sheet: 3 ft x 10 ft Cost: 600/- to 800/- Rs 43

44. Coir –Polymer composite Material Coir + Polymers composite Light weight Easy to handle Fire susceptible Desired quality can be manufactured. Cost optimization possible 44

45. Cases of Natural House structures 45

46. Green School by Ibuku ; Bali, Indonesia. www. ibuku.com 46

47. Bamboo architecture 47

48. Hut in Gujarat 48

49. Hut in Rajasthan 49

50. Hut Style in South India 50

51. Reference Websites http://www.dreamstime.com/photos-images/indian-mud-hut.html http://pixgood.com/indian-village-huts.html http:// www.inspirationgreen.com/bamboo-buildings.html http://gaatha.com/clay-tile-india / 51 Special Thanks to Google Images

52. Questions please? 52