How noise effects animals.pptx

This ppt includes all the effects of human behavior on animals
The aftermath of human activities on mother nature

1. How Human Noise Can Influence Animal Behavior Presented By -Hammad Wali BS Biotechnology 2 nd Semester (Evening)

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Noise Generating Factors 02 Harmful impacts of Noise 04 Introduction 01 How human noise influence animal behavior 03 05 Preventive measures

3. What is noise? Noise is unwanted sound considered unpleasant, It is indistinguishable from desired sound, as both are vibrations through mediums such as water or air. The difference arises when the brain receives and perceives sound.

4. TYPES OF NOISE Continuous noise It is the noise that produced continuously without any interruption. Impulsive noise Venus has a beautiful name, but it’s terribly hot Intermittent noise It is a noise level that increases or decreases rapidly Low- Frequency noise It’s make up part of the fabric of our daily soundscape. 01 02 04 03

5. How does sound effect behavior? Noise pollution impacts the health and well being of wildlife. Loud noise cause the Caterpillar’s hearts to beat faster and bluebird to have fewer chicks. Animals use sound for variety of reasons: To navigate Find food
Attract mates
Avoid predators Convey warning Defend territories Noise pollution makes it difficult for them to accomplish these tasks, Which affect their ability survive.

6. Animal behavior  includes all the ways animals interact with other organisms and the physical environment. Behavior can also be defined as a change in the activity of an organism in response to a  stimulus Some behaviors are  innate , or genetically hardwired, while others are  learned , or developed through experience. In many cases, behaviors have both an innate component and a learned component. Behavior is shaped by natural selection. Many behaviors directly increase an organism's fitness, that is, they help it survive and reproduce ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR

7. Noise Generating Factors

8. Anthropogenic Noise Pollution Anthropogenic: originating in human activity. Noise pollution: Different sounds and noises that disrupt the activity and balance of human and animal life.   “Noise pollution consists on an array of disruptive sounds “ Common Sources of noise pollution Road Traffic Aircraft noise Railway noise Construction and industrial noise Active sonar devices Seismic surveys for Oil

9. Terrestrial Noise Pollution Community Noise is non industrial noise example roadway noise, construction, public work and neighborhood noise This noise comes from restaurant, cafeterias, from live or recorded music; sport events including motor sports; playgrounds; car parks; and domestic animals such as barking dogs. Occupational Noise is industrial noise pollution example rotors, electrical machines, blasting, and pneumatic equipment Generated in ship-building, mining, railroad work, welding, and construction

10. Air Noise Pollution Aerodynamic noise — from the airflow around the surfaces of the aircraft, especially when flying low at high speeds. Sources: Airports Residential planes Military aircrafts

11. Marine Noise Pollution Sources: Ships – produce acoustic “fog” by producing low-frequency sound between 10 Hz and 1 kHz Sonar Devices – disrupts echolocation used by animals like whales and dolphins Seismic Surveys – produce loud blasts of sound within the ocean

12. Ships Ships tend to produce low- frequency sounds between 10 kilo hz to 1 kilo hz This constantly generates an acoustic “ fog” masking natural animal sounds. This type of lower level noise can cause chronic illnesses in marine life

13. Sonar Sonar is a technique that uses sound propagation to navigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels. Naval Sonars produce one of the loudest underwater sounds. Sonar sounds can be as loud as 235 decibels, while the average underwater sound goes up to only 120 decibels

14. Seismic Surveys Seismic testing involves blasting the seafloor with high-powered air guns (a kind of powerful horn) every 10 seconds and measuring the echoes The “source level” of most air gun arrays can be 200 to 240 decibels These blasts disturb, injure and kill marine wildlife

15. How Human Noise Influencing Animal Behavior?

16. How noise Pollution? Impacts of noise pollution on animals; Noise pollution makes some animals more vulnerable to predators , it can also have opposite effect. Unpleasant sounds also cause negative behavior in animals. Noise  means stress and impairs the  animals ' immune system which makes them more susceptible to illness in general. Ocean  noise pollution  also causes marine  animals  to flee and abandon valuable habitats, either because of direct  impact  or because they have to follow their fleeing prey. High  sound  levels will interfere with their communication and  can  induces fear, which  can  force  species  to abandon their habitat. In loud places, studies have found that: High intensity  sound  induces fear, forcing  animals  to abandon their habitat. 16

17. Insects Insects are involve in pollination, soil aeration and they create Biological Foundation. 1- Caterpillar ; Noise cause the collision of long tentacles. Noise raise their heart beat and make them scared as they feel obstacles in metamorphosis. 2- Honey Bee; They get bothered by the massive intensity of noise( 300hz to 1kHz). Noise put these bees in shock. 3- Grasshopper; Noise are upsetting their matting system. Face difficulties in sending signals. 4- Spider; They get fereeze when exposed to low frequency of sounds. They also don’t tolerate the high pitched  vibration  of a vacuum.

18. Animals Animals  are our companions, our workers, our eyes and ears, and our food. They appear in ancient cave paintings, and on modern commercial farms. We have domesticated some of them, while others remain wild and are sometimes endangered by our activities. 1- Elephants ; They use infrasonic sounds to communicate but noise producing activities are leaving disrupting elements. 2- Dogs; Just as in humans,  loud noises can harm  the delicate structures of a  dog's  middle and inner ear. "Most commonly,  noise -induced hearing loss results from  damage  to the hair cells in the cochlea that vibrate in response to sound waves," Foss said. 3- Cats; just as in humans, all  cats  have some degree of normal fear when they hear loud, sudden or strange noises. It's part of our survival instinct. Some  cats , however, are especially  sensitive to noise  or display exaggerated responses to certain  sounds .

19. Aquatic animals Unwanted  sound , or  noise ,  can  have a large  impact  on the marine environment, because  noise can  blanket a very large area, potentially preventing  fish  or whales from hearing their prey or predators, finding their way, or connecting with mates, group members, or their young. 1- Dolphins ; These  noises  not only disrupts communication, they can cause temporary hearing loss and permanent tissue  damage  in  dolphins  as well.  Noise  disrupts communication between  dolphins , hinders their navigation patterns, and inhibits their ability to find food; ultimately causing them to suffer from chronic stress. 2- Whales; Noise  in the form of naval sonar or seismic surveys can be deadly to cetaceans in at least some cases.  Whales  have been found to die within hours, by stranding or deaths at sea, from even a transient and relatively brief exposure to moderate levels of mid-frequency military sonar. 3- Fishes; Noise change the direction of their migration route. It could also mask natural sounds that are important to the  fish , such as communication sounds from other  fish , and sounds produced by prey and approaching predators

20. Birds Researchers suggest that  noise pollution affects  their behavior, their fitness, breeding and growth, and often leads to chronic stress. ... Scientists say that constant  noise  may form an acoustic blanket muffling the audio cues  birds  rely on to detect predators, competitors and their species. 1- A  bird  startled by a  loud noise  will usually take off and  can  bang into a wall or other object, which  can  definitely  kill  them 2-Hearing loss and rapid increase in heart rate  are  some of the ill- effects  of  noise pollution  on  birds . High intensity  sound  induces fear, which  can  force  species  to abandon their habitat. 3-The researchers found that  noise pollution  also has a huge  impact  on the natural migration of birds. Many  birds  will avoid  noise  polluted areas during migration which in turn,  affects  where they will establish their long-term homes to raise their young.

21. Harmful Impacts of Noise Pollution

22. Harmful Impacts of Human Noise Noise can seriously damage the wildlife . There are many ways in which noise can indirectly have a heavy impact on the wildlife . Following are some of them. Masking : It is the inability to hear important environmental clues and animal signals. Physiological Impacts : Noise causes and increase in heart rate and respiratory difficulties while also at the same time gradually increasing stress Behavioral Impacts : It results in different behavioral patterns which could also result in abandonment of territory and even loss of ability to reproduce.

23. Harmful Impacts of Human Noise Ecological Impacts : It leads to migration of birds which also disturbs the ecosystem. Annoyance : It creates annoyance to the receptors due to sound level fluctuations. The periodic sound due to its irregular occurrences causes displeasure to hearing and causes annoyance. Loss of Hearing : Long exposure to high sound levels causes loss of hearing. This is mostly unnoticed but has an adverse impact on hearing function. Causes Stress/Fear : The Chimes of vehicle horns strikes fear in animals and wards them off having an detrimental effect on them.

24. Impacts on Animals Nervous System : Noise pollution damages the nervous system of animal. Animal looses the control of its mind. becoming dangerous. Increases Mortality : increasing risk of mortality by changing the delicate balance in predator/prey detection and avoidance, and by interfering with their use of sounds in communication especially in relation to reproduction and in navigation. Lombard Vocal Response :Noise also makes species communicate louder, which is called Lombard vocal response. Scientists and researchers have conducted experiments that show whales' song length is longer when submarine-detectors are on.

25. Impacts on Animals Beached Whale One of the best known damage caused by noise pollution is the death of certain species of beached whales, brought on by the loud sound of military sonar. European Robins European Robins living in urban environments are more likely to sing at night in places with high levels of noise pollution during the day, suggesting that they sing at night because it is quieter, and their message can propagate through the environment more clearly.

26. Impacts on Health Problems of Noise Pollution Noise pollution makes men more irritable. The effect of noise pollution is multifaceted & inter related. The effects of Noise Pollution on Human Being, Animal and property are as follows FATIGUE PUPIL DILATION : Noise Pollution causes dilation of the pupil of the eye because of Noise Pollution, people cannot concentrate on their work. Thus they have to give their more time for completing the work and they feel tiring. Aggressive Behavior Digestive problems : Noise above 80 dB may increase aggressive behavior. Annoyance is defined as a feeling of displeasure associated with any agent or condition believed by an individual to adversely affect him or her. It also causes digestive spasms and stomach disorders HEARING IMPAIRMENT : Levels greater than 165 dB, even for a few milliseconds, are likely to cause acute cochlear damage. There is also general agreement that exposure for more than 8 hours to sound levels in excess of 85 dB is potentially hazardous

27. PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENTS  

28. NOISE MANAGEMENT  “Noise Management” is to maintain low noise exposures in order to assure that the health and well-being of humans as well as animals is protected. Noise can be tackled through : Reduction at source opt for alternative quieter methods Prevention or reduction of propagation

29. These steps must be taken in order to effectively and efficiently control noise pollution . . Identify the sound sources . Identify the path of the noise from the source .  Determine the sound level of each source .  Determine the relative contribution to the excessive noise of each source and drank the source accordingly . To obtain significant noise attenuation the dominant source should be controlled first Know the acceptable exposure limits identified in the health and safety legislation and quantify the necessary sound reduction Identify solutions by taking into consideration the degree of sound attenuation, operation and productivity restraints and cost

30. NOISE MITIGATION " Noise Mitigation" is a set of strategies adapted in order to reduce exposure to noise  and noise pollution. The exposure to noise can be reduced by;   eliminating the source of noise  substituting the source with a quieter one applying engineering modifications  using administrative controls trying to prevent propagation

31. ELIMINATION Elimination is a process that eradicates the noise source it is the most effective way to prevent risk It should always be considered when designing new work equipment on machinery It includes avoiding the use of noisy machinery ,  outsourcing the noisy work process Preferring natural means of transportation, communication ,navigation and life as a whole over the hazardous artificial ways of life Elimination is the control of noise at its source

32. SUBSTITUTION Substitution is a process of replacing noisy machinery or equipment with quieter alternatives when elimination is not possible substitution of the noisy machinery or equipment for quieter ones may be the next best alternative to protect living organisms from exposure to noise

33. ENGINEERING CONTOLS engineering controls are all about making changes to processes, machinery or equipment so that the environment is exposed to less noise for example using screens barriers enclosures and absorbent materials enclosure of noisy machinery with sound absorbing material avoiding metal to metal contact by using plastic bumpers using absorbent lining on surface is to cushion the fall or impact of objects fitting sound absorbing materials to hard reflective surfaces using conveyor belts rather than rollers using acoustical silencers in intake and exhaust systems maintaining optimal speed of machinery or its particular components

34. can you please sing lose rotating parts worn bearings and gears undertaking regular maintenance on equipment ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS Administrative controls are the way work is organized to reduce either the number of organisms who are exposed or the length of time they are exposed to noise Administrative controls should be used when it is not possible to reduce noise exposure through elimination ,substitution or engineering noise control measures Increasing the distance between noise sources and the habitat of living organisms Providing sufficient information instructions and training to the workers for the proper use of work equipment and the knowledge of the place where the equipment should be used

35. Each and every person that works with noise producing equipment machinery gadgets and vehicles should be aware of  harmless decibel standard as well as the harmful impact of high levels of noise on living organisms specially animals

36. LEGISLATION In Pakistan unfortunately  there is no legislation to deal with noise emanating from railway engines, aircraft ,airport ,industrial or constructional activities activities   The absence of national standards for noise is one of the biggest hurdles in the way to protect our environment and biodiversity

37. Even though the rapid spread of human development an associated anthropogenic noise have impacts on wildlife and biodiversity,  it is not always logistically, politically or economically feasible to eliminate or even minimize noise The realistic and more common policy approach should be to set noise standards in the hope of limiting the level of noise that development produces the production of noise can then be reduced structurally or operationally to meet these standards regulations necessarily balance the economic and environmental tradeoffs involved in allowing development to proceed and as a general route the more information that can be brought to bear on this balancing process the better  The first priority in the development of noise standards should be the protection of biodiversity an environment CONCLUSION