How to Build a Maze Solving Robot Using Arduino

Learn how to make an Arduino-powered robot that can navigate mazes on its own using IR sensors and "Hand on the wall" algorithm.

This step-by-step guide will show you how to build your own maze-solving robot using Arduino UNO, three IR sensors, and basic components that you can easily find in your local electronics shop.

1. SIMPLE MAZE-SOLVING ROBOT
An Easy Approach to Maze Navigation
Author
Rithik Krisna

2. What is a Maze-Solving
Robot?
Maze-solving robots use
algorithms to autonomously
navigate through mazes.
Early competitions like
Micromouse (1970s) set the
foundation for this field.
This project uses a simple three-
sensor approach with the Left-
Hand Rule algorithm.

3. Maze-Solving Algorithm: The Left-
Hand Rule
The Hand-on-Wall Rule helps
navigate mazes with continuous
walls.
If the left path is available, turn
left; otherwise, go straight or
turn right.
Truth Table defines robot
behavior based on sensor inputs
(0 or 1).

4. Components &
Circuit Design
Key Components:
Arduino UNO – Microcontroller for
processing data.
Motor Shield – Controls the DC motors.
IR Sensors (x3) – Detects walls and
obstacles.
Two-Wheel Drive Chassis – Provides
movement.
Power Source (2S Li-ion Battery Pack) –
Supplies voltage.
Circuit Overview:
IR Sensors → Connected to A0, A1, A2
pins for detecting left, front, and right
obstacles.
Motors → Controlled via the Arduino
Motor Shield.
Power Supply Considerations → Must
be between 5V – 12V for stable
operation.

5. Assembly & Working
Assembling the Robot:
Attach the IR sensors at the correct
distance.
Fix motors and chassis securely.
Connect wires properly according to the
circuit diagram.
Robot Navigation Logic:
Reads sensor data → Detects walls and
open paths.
Makes decisions using predefined rules.
Executes actions → Moves forward, turns
left, turns right, or makes a U-turn.

6. Coding & Demonstration
Key Code Functions:
moveForward(), turnLeft(), turnRight(), uTurn()
Uses switch-case logic to make decisions.
Robot in Action:
The robot successfully navigates the maze using
the Left-Hand Rule.
Performance depends on sensor accuracy and
motor balance.
Future Improvements:
Use more sensors for better decision-making.
Implement a different algorithm for complex
mazes.
Enhance motor control for smoother navigation.
Demo of Robot in Action

7. Link to GitHub Repository
https://github.com/Circuit-Digest/Simple-Maze-
Solving-Robot-using-Arduino-UNO
For a more in-depth tutorial, check out this
article:
https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-
projects/arduino-maze-solving-robot
www.circuitdigest.com
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