How to Use Punctuation Marks Correctly(New).pdf

Punctuation

1. How to Use
Punctuation Marks Correctly
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2. •A woman without her man is nothing.
•A woman, without her man, is nothing.
•A woman: without her, man is nothing.
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3. •Let’s eat Grandma!
•Let’s eat, Grandma!
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4. •Pardon impossible, to be sent to Siberia.
•Pardon, impossible to be sent to Siberia.
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5. Punctuation Marks
capital letter (A,B,C,…) slash /
full stop . Backslash \
question mark ? double quotation mark “…”
exclamation mark! single quotation mark ‘ …’
comma , underline ____
colon : underscore _
semicolon ; round brackets (…)
apostrophe ‘ square brackets […]
hyphen - ellipsis …
dash – italic
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6. Capital Letter
Uses Examples
•for the first letter of a sentence
•for countries, nationalities, languages,
religions, names of people, places,
events, organizations, trademarks,
days, months, titles
•for titles of books, films, etc.
•for abbreviations
•Fishing is popular in Britain.
•Africa, Russian, John, Dubai,
the World Trade Fair, the Internet,
Sunday, February, Mr./Mrs./Ms. / Dr.
/ Professor
•Silence of the Lambs
•AIDS, WHO, URL
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7. Full stop .
Uses Examples
•at the end of a sentence
•sometimes after an abbreviation
•as the decimal point in figures and
amounts of money. This is usually
read out as 'point’
•to separate parts of email and web
addresses. This is read out as 'dot'
•I'm going for a walk.
•Marton Rd. / Mrs. White / Dr. Evans
•£3.5 million
•http://dictionary.Cambridge.com
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8. Question mark ?
Uses Examples
•after a direct question
•after atag question
•sometimes use a question mark to
turn a statement into a question:
•to show doubt
•What's your name?
•You're French, aren't you?
•See you at 9 pm?
•Sidney Morgan (1898?-1972) was little
known until after his death.
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9. Exclamation mark !
Uses Examples
•at the end of a sentence in order to
show surprise /shock, etc.
•To indicate a loud sound
•Can use more than one exclamation
mark or question mark in informal
written English
•I can’t believe it!
•Bang!
•I can hardly wait!!!
*Do not use exclamation marks in formal writing!
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10. Comma ,
Uses Examples
•Between items in a list
•To show a pause in a long sentence
•when you want to add extra
information (around non-defining
clause)
•I need peas, butter, sugar, and eggs.
•They didn't want to eat before I'd
arrived, but I was an hour late.
•Lucy, who I told you about before, will
be coming.
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11. Comma ,
Uses Examples
•To separate main clauses, especially
long ones, linked by conjunction
•before tag questions
•I have painted the entire house, but
he is still…
•You do love me, don't you?
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12. Semicolon ;
Uses Examples
•To separate two main clauses with a
link in meaning
•To separate items in a list that contain
commas
•It was dark; it was getting dark.
•We traveled to New York, New York;
Paris, France; Vienna, Austria; Venice,
Italy; and Berlin, Germany.
*Super-comma
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13. Colon :
Uses Examples
•To introduce a list
•Before an explanation/ extra
information/example/ quotation
•There are three reasons: first,…
•She was worried: it was getting dark.
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14. Apostrophe‘
Uses Examples
•For missing letters
•For possessives
•I’ll (I will), it’s (it is), don’t (do not)
•John’s bike
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15. Hyphen -
Uses Examples
•To join two or more words into a
compound
•With compound numbers
•To join Prefixes to word
•To divide a word where there is not
enough space
•Mother-in-law
•Fifty-two, four-fifths
•Co-producer, mid-term
•She bought a cof-
fee cup.
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16. Em Dash —
Uses Examples
•To set off information from the rest of the
sentence (additional Information)
•show emphasis to a word or phrase.
(can add spaces to either side of an em dash)
•My best friend —whom I’ve known since I
was a kid —is moving away.
•The house was beautiful—but haunted.
En Dash –
Uses Examples
•indicate a range or connection between
numbers or words.
( no need to use spaces on either side of an en
dash)
•The Civil War (1861–1865) made a lasting
impact in the United States.
•When does the Denver–Dallas flight arrive?
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17. Slash / forward slash ( / )
Uses Examples
•to indicate "or“
•for fractions
•to indicate "per" in measurements of
speed, prices, etc.
•often used in dates to separate day,
month and year
•to separate parts of a website address
(URL) on the Internet
•to separate folders on computer systems
•Dear Sir/Madam, press
Refresh/Reload button
•1/2(one half), 2/3(two thirds)
•The speed limit is 100 km/h.
•Expires end 10/15
•www.example.com/writing/slash.h
tm
•file:///Users/mac/tara/photos/ima
ge.jpg
* use the slash with care in formal writing.
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18. Backslash \
Uses Examples
•typographical mark used mainly in
computing.
•C:\Users\Win\Files\jse.doc
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19. double quotation mark “…”
Uses Examples
•To the title or name of a book, film,
ship, etc.
•To indicate dialogue or direct speech
•To show a word or phrase that we see
as slang or jargon
•a word or phrase that we want to
make "special" in some way
•‘’Titanic’' is a 1997 movie directed by
James Cameron.
•“In the future,” he said, “check… .”
•The police were called to a
"disturbance" -which in reality was a
pretty big fight.
•Sometimes, we can use "italics"
instead of quotation marks.
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20. single quotation mark ‘…’
Uses Examples
•A quote within a quote •“We all have at least one friend who
brags, ‘I never buy anything on credit.’
But that person… .”
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21. inside or outside final quotation mark?
If the quoted words end with a full stop, then the full stop goes inside the quotation
marks.
If the quoted words do not end with a full stop, then the full stop goes outside the
quotation marks:
•He said, "I love you."
•She has read "War and Peace".
•He said, "Do you love me?"
•Have you read "War and Peace"?
•Note that in US English, the full stop usually goes inside the quotation marks in all cases:
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22. underline ____
Uses Examples
•to show emphasis •Have you watched the new movie?
*Underline is also called underscore, especially in American English.
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23. underscore _
Uses Examples
•used in email addresses, filenames
and URLs,
[email protected]
image_tb.jpg
www.tefl.net/images_1/
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24. round brackets/ paratheses (…)
Uses Examples
•to add extra information to a
sentence.
•to define abbreviations
•indicate plural or singular
•add a personal comment
•Enumeration within a sentence
•Tony Blair (the former British prime
minister) resigned from office in 2007.
•The matter will be decided by the IOC
(International Olympic Committee).
•Please leave your mobile telephone(s)
at the door.
•Many people love parties (I don’t).
•You will need the following: (1)
Resume, (2) a Reference letter, (3)…
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25. square brackets […]
Uses Examples
•Parentheses within parentheses
•to add clarification
•to add missing words:
•to add editorial or authorial comment:
•The role of business in American life …
(see, for example, the novels of
William Dean Howells [1837 -1920]).
•The witness said: "He [the policeman]
hit me.“
•It is [a] good question.
•They willnotbe present [my
emphasis].
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26. ellipsis …
Uses Examples
•the omission from speech or writing
of a word or words
•to indicate a pause when someone is
speaking, or an unfinished sentence.
•A pause for effect
•"The film focused on three English
learners...studying at university.“
•It's not easy to explain. It's not...“
•It last appears… a Genie!
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27. italics
Uses Examples
•To indicate titles of long works (books,
films, newspapers, and so on)
•Names of ships, airplanes, trains,
hotels, etc.
•To emphasize words or phrases
•We subscribe to the Wall Street
Journal.
•The shipment is expected to arrive
next week on the Penguin.
•Do notpress the red button.
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28. Thank you!
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