How to write research writing result.pptx

How to write research writing result

1. Writing results/ findings section Dr khin khin aye

2. What will we look at?

3. What is result/ findings section? Results/ findings vs discussion

4. What is results/ findings? It summarizes and presents the findings of the study to put them in context with your research question(s). It means that only your data is central here.

5. What is results/ findings? It is where you report the findings of your study based on the methodology [or methodologies] you applied to gather information. It is where the findings of the research arranged in a logical sequence without bias or interpretation. It is particularly necessary if your paper includes data generated from your own research. Findings may be reported in written text, tables, graphs, and other illustrations.

6. Result vs discussion The results section of a research paper tells the reader what you found, while the discussion section tells the reader what your findings mean. The result section summarises the collected data and the analysis performed while the discussion section examines, evaluates and interprets their implications. The results section should present the facts in an academic and unbiased manner, avoiding any attempt at analyzing or interpreting the data. The results section sets the stage for the discussion section by making all the necessary information known to the reader. It is not uncommon for these sections to be combined, but researchers will often use sub-headings to distinguish between the two.

7. When formulating the results section, it's important to remember that the results of a study do not prove anything. The length of this section is set by the amount and types of data to be reported. Avoid providing data that is not critical to answering the research question. too much data may overwhelm a reader. A good result section

8. organization There are two approaches to organizing your results Use one or the other

9. Approach to presenting the findings/ results First Approach Present a synopsis of the results first This is followed by an explanation of key findings. Second Approach Present a result and then explain it. Go on until you finish presenting and explaining one after another result. End with an overall synopsis.

10. Content of the section

11. content An Introductory context for understanding the results by restating the research problem underpinning your study. Inclusion of visual presentation , such as, figures, charts, photos, maps, tables, etc. to further illustrate key findings, if appropriate. A systematic description of your results , highlighting for the reader observations that are most relevant to the topic under investigation Do not confuse observations (important findings) with interpretations

12. content Focus only on findings that are important, interesting or significant and related to addressing the research problem although you may want to acknowledge unanticipated results that are not relevant to answering the research question, A short paragraph that concludes the results section by synthesizing the key findings of the study. Highlight the most important findings you want readers to remember as they transition into the discussion section.

13. content Begin with an introduction to connect the results with the research question(s). brings the readers’ focus back to the purpose of the study after reading the literature review and methods sections of your paper. Tells the reader what to expect in the following sections or sub-sections.

14. Introductory context: example 1 The first objective of this research was to demonstrate that IRBs and OCBs are separate dimensions of performance, as are OCBis and OCBOs. As part of this process, a factor analysis was conducted on the performance items. A three-factor model with oblique rotation was examined based on the previous discussion of IRB, OCBI, and OCBO.

15. Introductory context: example 2 – “In keeping with the method of FDA advocated in this research, the analysis focuses on gender as discursive object, and the ways in which the male-only stereotype is constructed through language. Examples of gendered verbal behaviour were found in all ten interviews.”

16. Body of the results/ findings section The results/ findings section of qualitative and quantitative research differs.

17. Qualitative Research Dependent on your chosen qualitative method you can split themes, discourses or arguments into sub-sections which should follow a logical order and flow well Each sub-section should have an introduction and is structured in paragraphs Use extracts from your interviews, focus groups or exemplary pictures which you have analysed to justify your analysis. Focus on the most expressive ones. Longer extracts have to be highlighted in the text e.g., indent, numbered and explained Shorter extracts can be put into the main text and become part of your sentence structure

18. QUALITATIVE

19. Quantitative Result section Report your statistics and data analysis What kind of analysis was conducted: regression, structural equation, linear models etc. Report on the outcome of these analyses Include values of tests conducted: degrees of freedom, probability, effect size or confidence intervals Data can be presented in text, table, or chart form Other aspects which may be included Report on ancillary analyses: any other analyses performed, including subgroup analyses and adjusted analyses Participant Flow Baseline Data Intervention and manipulation

20. QUANTITATIVE

21. Key results are reported below, while results for each type of talk are provided in Table 2. Inclusion of visual presentation

22. Concluding paragraph In all cases, results showed that the role of these two types of meaning-related talk in children’s vocabulary at four years of age did not depend upon children’s cognitive skills at two years of age (b\.10, p[.30 for both interactions).

23. avoid Discussing or interpreting your results. Reporting background information or attempting to explain your findings. Ignoring negative results. Including raw data or intermediate calculations. If raw data is to be included, place it in an appendix or set of appendices that are referred to in the text. Be as factual and concise as possible in reporting your findings. Do not use phrases that are vague or non-specific, such as, "appeared to be greater or lesser than..." or "demonstrates promising trends that...." Presenting the same data or repeating the same information more than once. If it is important to highlight a particular finding, you will have an opportunity to emphasize its significance in the discussion section. Confusing figures with tables.

24. references Ammon, C. (2023). Results Section for Research Papers . San José State University Writing Center www.sjsu.edu/writingcenter Romani, Bizhan . “How to Write the Results Section.” Scientific Editing. https://www.scientificediting.info/blog/how-to-write-the-results-section/. Accessed 20 June 2022. University of Kansas Writing Center. “Original Research.” KU Writing Center. https://writing.ku.edu/original-research. Accessed 20 June 2022. University of Southern California. “Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper.” ResearchGuides . https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide. Accessed 25 June 2022. University of Vermont. “University of Vermont Graduate Writing Center Science Writing 101.” Writing Resources. https://www.uvm.edu/gradwriting/writing-resources. Accessed 20 June 2022.

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