HTML is a markup language used by the browser to manipulate text, images, and other content, in order to display it in the required format.
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Apr 25, 2024
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About This Presentation
HTML is a markup language used by the browser to manipulate text, images, and other content, in order to display it in the required format.
Slide Content
INTRODUTION TO HTML
Explained By:
Sarbjit Kaur.
Lecturer, Department of Computer Application,
PGG.C.G., Sector: 42, Chandigarh
Explained By:
Sarbjit Kaur.
Lecturer, Department of Computer Application,
PGG.C.G., Sector: 42, Chandigarh
HTML CONTENTS
•INTRODUCTION OF HTML
•OBJECTIVE OF HTML
•WORLD WIDE WEB
•HTML TOOLS
•HTML TERMINOLGY
•HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
•S A V I N G A N D V I E W I N G A H T M L DOCUMENT
•TEXT TEGS
•SPECIAL CHARTACTER
•ADVANTAGES OF HTML
•DISADVANTAGES OF HTML
•INTRODUCTION OF HTML
•OBJECTIVE OF HTML
•WORLD WIDE WEB
•HTML TOOLS
•HTML TERMINOLGY
•HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
•S A V I N G A N D V I E W I N G A H T M L DOCUMENT
•TEXT TEGS
•SPECIAL CHARTACTER
•ADVANTAGES OF HTML
•DISADVANTAGES OF HTML
INTRODUCTION OF HTML
•HTML is a language for describing web pages.
•HTML stands forHyperTextMarkupLanguage
•HTML is not a programming language, it is
amarkup language
•A markup language is a set ofmarkup tags
•HTML usesmarkup tagsto describe web
pages
•HTML is a language for describing web pages.
•HTML stands forHyperTextMarkupLanguage
•HTML is not a programming language, it is
amarkup language
•A markup language is a set ofmarkup tags
•HTML usesmarkup tagsto describe web
pages
INTRODUCTION OF HTML
•HTML(HypertextMarkupLanguage)isusedtocreatedocumentonthe
WorldWideWeb.Itissimplyacollectionofcertainkeywordscalled‘Tags’
thatarehelpfulinwritingthedocumenttobedisplayedusingabrowser
onInternet.
Itisaplatformindependentlanguagethatcanbeused
onanyplatformsuchasWindows,Linux,Macintosh,andsoon.Todisplay
adocumentinwebitisessentialtomark-upthedifferentelements(
headings,paragraphs,tables,andsoon)ofthe
documentwiththeHTMLtags.Toviewamark-updocumentuserhas
toopenthedocumentinabrowser.Abrowser
understandsandinterprettheHTMLtags,identifiesthestructureofthe
document(whichpartarewhich)andmakesdecisionaboutpresentation
(howthepartslook)ofthedocument.
HTMLalsoprovidestagstomakethedocumentlook
attractiveusinggraphics,fontsizeandcolors.Usercanmakealinktothe
otherdocumentorthedifferentsectionofthesamedocumentby
creatingHypertextLinksalsoknownasHyperlinks
•HTML(HypertextMarkupLanguage)isusedtocreatedocumentonthe
WorldWideWeb.Itissimplyacollectionofcertainkeywordscalled‘Tags’
thatarehelpfulinwritingthedocumenttobedisplayedusingabrowser
onInternet.
Itisaplatformindependentlanguagethatcanbeused
onanyplatformsuchasWindows,Linux,Macintosh,andsoon.Todisplay
adocumentinwebitisessentialtomark-upthedifferentelements(
headings,paragraphs,tables,andsoon)ofthe
documentwiththeHTMLtags.Toviewamark-updocumentuserhas
toopenthedocumentinabrowser.Abrowser
understandsandinterprettheHTMLtags,identifiesthestructureofthe
document(whichpartarewhich)andmakesdecisionaboutpresentation
(howthepartslook)ofthedocument.
HTMLalsoprovidestagstomakethedocumentlook
attractiveusinggraphics,fontsizeandcolors.Usercanmakealinktothe
otherdocumentorthedifferentsectionofthesamedocumentby
creatingHypertextLinksalsoknownasHyperlinks
OBJECTIVE OF HTML
•create, save and view a HTML document
•format a web page using section heading tags
•describe Ordered and Unordered lists
•explain graphics in HTML document
•describe hypertext links and making
text/image link
•create, save and view a HTML document
•format a web page using section heading tags
•describe Ordered and Unordered lists
•explain graphics in HTML document
•describe hypertext links and making
text/image link
WORLD WIDE WEB
•TheWorldWideWeb(abbreviated
asWWWorW3andcommonlyknownasthe
Web)is a system of
interlinkedhypertextdocumentsaccessedvia
theInternet.Withawebbrowser,onecan
viewwebpagesthatmaycontaintext,images,
videos,andothermultimediaandnavigate
betweenthemviahyperlinks.
•TheWorldWideWeb(abbreviated
asWWWorW3andcommonlyknownasthe
Web)is a system of
interlinkedhypertextdocumentsaccessedvia
theInternet.Withawebbrowser,onecan
viewwebpagesthatmaycontaintext,images,
videos,andothermultimediaandnavigate
betweenthemviahyperlinks.
HTML TOOLS
•TherearetwotoolsofHTML.
a)HTMLEditor:itistheprogramthatoneusesto
createandsaveHTMLdocuments.Theyfallinto
twocategories:
-Textbasedorcodebasedwhichallowsonetoseethe
HTMLcodeasoneiscreatingadocument.e.g.
Notepad.
-Netscapecomposer
•TherearetwotoolsofHTML.
a)HTMLEditor:itistheprogramthatoneusesto
createandsaveHTMLdocuments.Theyfallinto
twocategories:
-Textbasedorcodebasedwhichallowsonetoseethe
HTMLcodeasoneiscreatingadocument.e.g.
Notepad.
-Netscapecomposer
HTML TOOLS
b)WebBrowser:itistheprogramthatoneuses
toviewandtesttheHTMLdocuments.They
translateHtmlencodedfilesinto
text,image,soundsandotherfeaturesuser
see. Microsoft Internet
Explorer,Netscape,MosaicChrome are
examplesofbrowsersthatenablesuserto
viewtextandimagesandmanymoreother
WorldWideWebfeatueres.Theyaresoftware
thatmustbeinstalledonusercomputer.
b)WebBrowser:itistheprogramthatoneuses
toviewandtesttheHTMLdocuments.They
translateHtmlencodedfilesinto
text,image,soundsandotherfeaturesuser
see. Microsoft Internet
Explorer,Netscape,MosaicChrome are
examplesofbrowsersthatenablesuserto
viewtextandimagesandmanymoreother
WorldWideWebfeatueres.Theyaresoftware
thatmustbeinstalledonusercomputer.
HTML TERMINOLGY
•Some commonly used terms in HTML are:
•a)Tag: Tags are always written within angles brackets. it is a
piece of text is used to identify an element so that the
browser realizes how to display its contents.e.g.<HTML> tag
indicates the start of an HTML document .HTML tag can be
two types. They are:-
•-Paired Tags :A tag is said to be a paired tag if text is placed
between a tag and its companions tag.In paired tag ,the
first tag is referred to as opening tag and the second tag is
referred to as closing tag.
•-Unpaired Tags: An unpaired tag does not have a
companion tag .unpaired tag also known as singular or
Stand-Alone tags.e.g:<br>,<hr> etc.
•Some commonly used terms in HTML are:
•a)Tag: Tags are always written within angles brackets. it is a
piece of text is used to identify an element so that the
browser realizes how to display its contents.e.g.<HTML> tag
indicates the start of an HTML document .HTML tag can be
two types. They are:-
•-Paired Tags :A tag is said to be a paired tag if text is placed
between a tag and its companions tag.In paired tag ,the
first tag is referred to as opening tag and the second tag is
referred to as closing tag.
•-Unpaired Tags: An unpaired tag does not have a
companion tag .unpaired tag also known as singular or
Stand-Alone tags.e.g:<br>,<hr> etc.
HTML TERMINOLGY
b)Attribute:Attributeisthepropertyofantagthatspecifiedintheopeningangle
brackets.Itsuppliesadditionalinformationlikecolor,size,homefont-styleetcto
thebrowseraboutatag.E.g.mostofthecommonattributesareheight,
color,width,src,border,alignetc.
c)DTD:DocumentTypeDefinitionisacollectionofruleswritteninstandard
GeneralizedMarkupLanguage(SGML).HTMLisdefineintermsofitsDTDS.Allthe
detailsofHTMLtags,entitiesandrelateddocumentstructurearedefinedinthe
DTDS.
d)ELEMENT:Elementisthecomponentofadocument’sstructuresuchasatitle,a
paragraphoralist.Itcanincludeanopeningandaclosingtagandthecontents
withinit.
b)Attribute:Attributeisthepropertyofantagthatspecifiedintheopeningangle
brackets.Itsuppliesadditionalinformationlikecolor,size,homefont-styleetcto
thebrowseraboutatag.E.g.mostofthecommonattributesareheight,
color,width,src,border,alignetc.
c)DTD:DocumentTypeDefinitionisacollectionofruleswritteninstandard
GeneralizedMarkupLanguage(SGML).HTMLisdefineintermsofitsDTDS.Allthe
detailsofHTMLtags,entitiesandrelateddocumentstructurearedefinedinthe
DTDS.
d)ELEMENT:Elementisthecomponentofadocument’sstructuresuchasatitle,a
paragraphoralist.Itcanincludeanopeningandaclosingtagandthecontents
withinit.
HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
•The essential tags that are required to create a
HTML document are:
•<HTML>.............</HTML>
•<HEAD>.............</HEAD>
•<BODY>.............</BODY>
•The essential tags that are required to create a
HTML document are:
•<HTML>.............</HTML>
•<HEAD>.............</HEAD>
•<BODY>.............</BODY>
HTML Tag <HTML>
•The<HTML>tagenclosesallotherHTMLtagsandassociatedtext
withinyourdocument.Itisanoptionaltag.YoucancreateanHTML
documentthatomitsthesetags,andyourbrowsercanstillreadit
anddisplayit.Butitisalwaysagoodformtoincludethestartand
stoptags.Theformatis:
•<HTML>
YourTitleandDocument(containstextwithHTMLtags)goeshere
•</HTML>
MostHTMLtagshavetwoparts,anopeningtagandclosingtag.The
closingtagisthesameastheopeningtag,exceptfortheslash
marke.g.</HTML>.Theslashmarkisalwaysusedinclosingtags.
•The<HTML>tagenclosesallotherHTMLtagsandassociatedtext
withinyourdocument.Itisanoptionaltag.YoucancreateanHTML
documentthatomitsthesetags,andyourbrowsercanstillreadit
anddisplayit.Butitisalwaysagoodformtoincludethestartand
stoptags.Theformatis:
•<HTML>
YourTitleandDocument(containstextwithHTMLtags)goeshere
•</HTML>
MostHTMLtagshavetwoparts,anopeningtagandclosingtag.The
closingtagisthesameastheopeningtag,exceptfortheslash
marke.g.</HTML>.Theslashmarkisalwaysusedinclosingtags.
An HTML document has two distinct parts HEAD and
BODY
•<HTML>
•<HEAD>
•.............
•.............
•.............
•</HEAD>
•<BODY>
•.............
•.............
•.............
•</BODY>
•</HTML>
BODY
•<HTML>
•<HEAD>
•.............
•.............
•.............
•</HEAD>
•<BODY>
•.............
•.............
•.............
•</BODY>
•</HTML>
HEAD Tag <HEAD>
•HEADtagcomesaftertheHTMLstarttag.It
containsTITLEtagtogivethedocumentatitle
thatdisplaysonthebrowserstitlebaratthetop.
TheFormatis:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Your title goes here
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
•HEADtagcomesaftertheHTMLstarttag.It
containsTITLEtagtogivethedocumentatitle
thatdisplaysonthebrowserstitlebaratthetop.
TheFormatis:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Your title goes here
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
BODY Tag <BODY>
•The BODY tag contains all the text and graphics of the document
with all the HTML tags that are used for control and formatting of
the page.TheFormat is:
<BODY>
Your Document goes here
</BODY>
AnHTMLdocument,webpagecanbecreatedusingatexteditor,
NotepadorWordPad.AlltheHTMLdocumentsshouldhavethe
extension.htmorhtml.ItrequireawebbrowserlikeInternet
ExplorerorNetscapeNavigator/Communicatortoviewthe
document.
•The BODY tag contains all the text and graphics of the document
with all the HTML tags that are used for control and formatting of
the page.TheFormat is:
<BODY>
Your Document goes here
</BODY>
AnHTMLdocument,webpagecanbecreatedusingatexteditor,
NotepadorWordPad.AlltheHTMLdocumentsshouldhavethe
extension.htmorhtml.ItrequireawebbrowserlikeInternet
ExplorerorNetscapeNavigator/Communicatortoviewthe
document.
Attributes used with <BODY>
•BGCOLOR: u s e d t o s e t t h e b a c k g r o u n d c o l o r
f o r t h e document Example:
<BODY BGCOLOR="yellow">
Your document text goes here.
</BODY>
•TEXT: used to set the color of the text of the document
Example:
<BODYTEXT="red">IntroductiontoHTML::77
Documenttextchangedtoredcolor
</BODY>
Documenttextchangedtoredcolor
•BGCOLOR: u s e d t o s e t t h e b a c k g r o u n d c o l o r
f o r t h e document Example:
<BODY BGCOLOR="yellow">
Your document text goes here.
</BODY>
•TEXT: used to set the color of the text of the document
Example:
<BODYTEXT="red">IntroductiontoHTML::77
Documenttextchangedtoredcolor
</BODY>
Documenttextchangedtoredcolor
Attributes used with <BODY>
•MARGINS:setthelefthand/righthandmarginofthedocument
LEFTMARGIN:setthelefthandmarginofthedocumentExample:
<BODYLEFTMARGIN="60">
Thisdocumentisindented60pixelsfromthelefthandside
ofthepage.
</BODY>
•TOPMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY TOPMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.
</BODY>
•MARGINS:setthelefthand/righthandmarginofthedocument
LEFTMARGIN:setthelefthandmarginofthedocumentExample:
<BODYLEFTMARGIN="60">
Thisdocumentisindented60pixelsfromthelefthandside
ofthepage.
</BODY>
•TOPMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY TOPMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.
</BODY>
Attributes used with <BODY>
•BACKGROUND:Itisusedtopointtoanimagefile
(thefileswithanextension.gif,.jpeg)thatwillbe
usedasthebackgroundofthedocument.Theimage
filewillbetiledacrossthedocument.Example:
<BODYBACKGROUND="filename.if">
Yourdocumenttextgoeshere
</BODY>
•BACKGROUND:Itisusedtopointtoanimagefile
(thefileswithanextension.gif,.jpeg)thatwillbe
usedasthebackgroundofthedocument.Theimage
filewillbetiledacrossthedocument.Example:
<BODYBACKGROUND="filename.if">
Yourdocumenttextgoeshere
</BODY>
Follow the steps to create and view in
browser
•Step-1:OpentexteditorNotepad(clickonStar
t→AllPrograms→AccessoriesNotepad)
•Step-2:Enterthefollowinglinesofcode:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
MyfirstPage
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
WELCOMETOMYFIRSTWEBPAGE
</BODY>
</HTML>
browser
•Step-1:OpentexteditorNotepad(clickonStar
t→AllPrograms→AccessoriesNotepad)
•Step-2:Enterthefollowinglinesofcode:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
MyfirstPage
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
WELCOMETOMYFIRSTWEBPAGE
</BODY>
</HTML>
S A V I N G A N D V I E W I N G A H T M L
DOCUMENT
•Step-3:Savethefileasmyfirstpage.html(goto
File-SaveAsgiveFilename:myfirstpage.html-
choosesaveastype:AllFiles-clicksave)
•Step-4:Viewingdocumentinwebbrowser
(openInternetExplorer-clickonFile-Open-
Browse-selectthefilemyfirstpage.html-click
open-clickok
DOCUMENT
•Step-3:Savethefileasmyfirstpage.html(goto
File-SaveAsgiveFilename:myfirstpage.html-
choosesaveastype:AllFiles-clicksave)
•Step-4:Viewingdocumentinwebbrowser
(openInternetExplorer-clickonFile-Open-
Browse-selectthefilemyfirstpage.html-click
open-clickok
TEXT TEGS
•Text tag are dividing into two categories as:
-Character-leveltagsandattributeswhich
appliestoformattingofindividuallettersor
words.
-Paragraphleveltagsandattributeswhichapply
=Toformattingofsectionsoftext.
•Text tag are dividing into two categories as:
-Character-leveltagsandattributeswhich
appliestoformattingofindividuallettersor
words.
-Paragraphleveltagsandattributeswhichapply
=Toformattingofsectionsoftext.
Character Formatting Tag
•Thecharacterformattingtagsareusedto
specifyhowaparticulartextshouldbe
displayedonthescreentodistinguishcertain
characterswithinthedocument.
•Thecharacterformattingtagsareusedto
specifyhowaparticulartextshouldbe
displayedonthescreentodistinguishcertain
characterswithinthedocument.
The most common character
formatting tags are
•Boldface<B>:displaystextinBOLD
Example:Welcometothe<B>InternetWorld</B>
Output:WelcometotheInternetWorld
•Italics<I>:displaystextinItalic
Example:Welcometothe<I>InternetWorld</I>
Output:WelcometotheInternetWorld
•Subscript<SUB>:displaystextinSubscript
•Superscript<SUP>:displaystextinSuperscript
•Small<SMALL>:displaystextinsmallerfontascomparedtonormalfont
•Big<BIG>:displaystextinlargerfontascomparedtonormalfont
•Underline<U>specifiesthattheenclosedtextbeunderline
Example:<U>hello</u>
Output:hello
formatting tags are
•Boldface<B>:displaystextinBOLD
Example:Welcometothe<B>InternetWorld</B>
Output:WelcometotheInternetWorld
•Italics<I>:displaystextinItalic
Example:Welcometothe<I>InternetWorld</I>
Output:WelcometotheInternetWorld
•Subscript<SUB>:displaystextinSubscript
•Superscript<SUP>:displaystextinSuperscript
•Small<SMALL>:displaystextinsmallerfontascomparedtonormalfont
•Big<BIG>:displaystextinlargerfontascomparedtonormalfont
•Underline<U>specifiesthattheenclosedtextbeunderline
Example:<U>hello</u>
Output:hello
Font Colors and Size:<FONT>
•Byusing<FONT>Tagonecanspecifythecolors,
sizeofthetext.Example:
<FONT>Yourtextgoeshere</FONT>
Attributesof<FONT>are:
-COLOR:Setsthecolorofthetextthatwillappear
onthe
screen.Itcanbesetbygivingthevalueas#rr0000
forred(inRGBhexadecimalformat),orbyname.
Example:<FONTCOLOR="RED">Yourtextgoes
here</FONT>
•Byusing<FONT>Tagonecanspecifythecolors,
sizeofthetext.Example:
<FONT>Yourtextgoeshere</FONT>
Attributesof<FONT>are:
-COLOR:Setsthecolorofthetextthatwillappear
onthe
screen.Itcanbesetbygivingthevalueas#rr0000
forred(inRGBhexadecimalformat),orbyname.
Example:<FONTCOLOR="RED">Yourtextgoes
here</FONT>
Font Colors and Size:<FONT
•SIZE:Setsthesizeofthetext,takesvaluebetween1and
7,defaultis3.Sizecanalsobesetrelativetodefaultsize
forexample;SIZE=+X,whereXisanyintegervalueandit
willaddwiththedefaultsize.
•Example:
<FONTSIZE=5>FontSizechangesto5</FONT>
•FACE:Setsthenormalfonttype,provideditisinstalledon
theuser’smachine.
•Example:
•<FONTFACE="ARIAL">thetextwillbedisplayedin
Arial</FONT>
•SIZE:Setsthesizeofthetext,takesvaluebetween1and
7,defaultis3.Sizecanalsobesetrelativetodefaultsize
forexample;SIZE=+X,whereXisanyintegervalueandit
willaddwiththedefaultsize.
•Example:
<FONTSIZE=5>FontSizechangesto5</FONT>
•FACE:Setsthenormalfonttype,provideditisinstalledon
theuser’smachine.
•Example:
•<FONTFACE="ARIAL">thetextwillbedisplayedin
Arial</FONT>
An HTML document formatText.html shows the use of
Character Formatting Tags.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Character Formatting Text Tags
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1><I> Welcome to the world of Internet</I></H1>
It is a
<FONT COLOR="BLUE" SIZE="4">
<U>Network of Networks</U>
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Character Formatting Tags.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Character Formatting Text Tags
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1><I> Welcome to the world of Internet</I></H1>
It is a
<FONT COLOR="BLUE" SIZE="4">
<U>Network of Networks</U>
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT
Welcome to the world of Internet
It is a Network of Networks
Welcome to the world of Internet
It is a Network of Networks
MARQUEE TAG
•This tag is used text horizontally across the
screen.it is mainly used to deliver a specfic
message to the visitor or to scroll Ads on a
page.
•Example: <marquee> hello world></marquee>
•This tag is used text horizontally across the
screen.it is mainly used to deliver a specfic
message to the visitor or to scroll Ads on a
page.
•Example: <marquee> hello world></marquee>
Attributes of marquee tag
•Bgcolor : Sets the background color of the
marquee.
•Direction :Sets the direction of the marquee box
to eitherleft-to-right,right-to-left,up-to-down
anddown-to-up.
•Width: This sets how wide the marquee should
be.
•Loop: This sets how many times the marquee
should 'Loop' its text. Each trip counts as one
loop.
•Bgcolor : Sets the background color of the
marquee.
•Direction :Sets the direction of the marquee box
to eitherleft-to-right,right-to-left,up-to-down
anddown-to-up.
•Width: This sets how wide the marquee should
be.
•Loop: This sets how many times the marquee
should 'Loop' its text. Each trip counts as one
loop.
paragraph Formatting Tag
•Paragraphlevelformattingappliesto
formattingofanentireportionoftextunlike
characterleveltagswhereonlyindividual
lettersorwordsareformatted.
•Paragraphlevelformattingappliesto
formattingofanentireportionoftextunlike
characterleveltagswhereonlyindividual
lettersorwordsareformatted.
The most common paragraph
formatting tags are
•Using paragraph tag: <P>
T h is t a g < P > in d ic a t e s a p a r a g r a p h ,u s e d
t o s e p a r a t e two paragraphs with a blank line.
•Example:
<P> Welcome to the world of HTML </P>
<P> First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes here</P>
•Output:
Welcome to the world of HTML
First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes her
formatting tags are
•Using paragraph tag: <P>
T h is t a g < P > in d ic a t e s a p a r a g r a p h ,u s e d
t o s e p a r a t e two paragraphs with a blank line.
•Example:
<P> Welcome to the world of HTML </P>
<P> First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes here</P>
•Output:
Welcome to the world of HTML
First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes her
Using Line Break Tag: <BR>
•Theemptytag<BR>isused,wherethetextneedstostart
fromanewlineandnotcontinueonthesameline.Toget
everysentenceonanewline,itisnecessarytousealine
break.
•Example:
<BODY>NationalInstituteofOpenSchooling<BR>
B-31B,CalipashColony<BR>
NewDelhi-110048</BODY>
•Output:
NationalInstituteofOpenSchooling
B-31B,CalipashColony
NewDelhi-11004
•Theemptytag<BR>isused,wherethetextneedstostart
fromanewlineandnotcontinueonthesameline.Toget
everysentenceonanewline,itisnecessarytousealine
break.
•Example:
<BODY>NationalInstituteofOpenSchooling<BR>
B-31B,CalipashColony<BR>
NewDelhi-110048</BODY>
•Output:
NationalInstituteofOpenSchooling
B-31B,CalipashColony
NewDelhi-11004
Using Preformatted Text Tag: <PRE>
•<PRE> tag can be used, where it requires total control over s p a c i
n g a n d l in e b r e a k s su c h a s t y p in g a p o e m . B
r o w s e r preserves your space and line break in the text written
inside the tag.
•Example:
<PRE>
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, KailashColony
New Delhi-110048
</PRE>
•Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, KailashColony
New Delhi-11004
•<PRE> tag can be used, where it requires total control over s p a c i
n g a n d l in e b r e a k s su c h a s t y p in g a p o e m . B
r o w s e r preserves your space and line break in the text written
inside the tag.
•Example:
<PRE>
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, KailashColony
New Delhi-110048
</PRE>
•Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, KailashColony
New Delhi-11004
An HTML document control.html shows the use of <P>,
<BR> and <PRE>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Paragraph, Line break and preformatted text Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML Tutorial
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
<BR> and <PRE>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Paragraph, Line break and preformatted text Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML Tutorial
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
An HTML document control.html shows the use of <P>,
<BR> and <PRE>
</P>
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.<BR>
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple<BR>
and easy to learn.<BR>
</P>
<PRE>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
<BR> and <PRE>
</P>
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.<BR>
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple<BR>
and easy to learn.<BR>
</P>
<PRE>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT
•HTML Tutorial
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used for
creating web page. It is very simple and easy to learn.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
•HTML Tutorial
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used for
creating web page. It is very simple and easy to learn.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
Using Horizontal Rule Tag: <HR>
•An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines and
horizontal rules. It can be used to separate two sections of
text.
•Example:
<BODY>
Your horizontal rule goes here. <HR>
The rest of the text goes here.
</BODY>
•Output:
Your horizontal rule goes here.
The rest of the text goes her
•An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines and
horizontal rules. It can be used to separate two sections of
text.
•Example:
<BODY>
Your horizontal rule goes here. <HR>
The rest of the text goes here.
</BODY>
•Output:
Your horizontal rule goes here.
The rest of the text goes her
<HR> accepts following attributes
•SIZE: Determines the thickness of the horizontal rule. The value is given as a pixel
value.
Example: <HR SIZE="3">
•WIDTH: Specifies an exact width of HR in pixels, or arelativewidth as percentage of
the document width.
Example: <HR WIDTH="50%">, horizontal rule a width a 50 percent of the page width.
•ALIGN: Set the alignment of the rule to LEFT, RIGHT and CENTER. It is applicable if
it is not equal to width of the page.
•NOSHADE: If a solid bar is required, this attribute is used; it specifies that the
horizontal rule should not be shaded at all.
•COLOR: Set the color of the Horizontal rule.
Example: <HR COLOR="BLUE“>
Example of <HR> with its attribute:
<HR ALIGN=' 'CENTER' ' WIDTH=' '50%' ' SIZE=' '3" NOSHADE
COLOR="BLUE“>
•SIZE: Determines the thickness of the horizontal rule. The value is given as a pixel
value.
Example: <HR SIZE="3">
•WIDTH: Specifies an exact width of HR in pixels, or arelativewidth as percentage of
the document width.
Example: <HR WIDTH="50%">, horizontal rule a width a 50 percent of the page width.
•ALIGN: Set the alignment of the rule to LEFT, RIGHT and CENTER. It is applicable if
it is not equal to width of the page.
•NOSHADE: If a solid bar is required, this attribute is used; it specifies that the
horizontal rule should not be shaded at all.
•COLOR: Set the color of the Horizontal rule.
Example: <HR COLOR="BLUE“>
Example of <HR> with its attribute:
<HR ALIGN=' 'CENTER' ' WIDTH=' '50%' ' SIZE=' '3" NOSHADE
COLOR="BLUE“>
HEADING: <H1>.............<H6>tags
HTMLhassixheadertags<H1>,
<H2>...........<H6>usedtospecifysection
headings.Textwithheadertagsisdisplayedin
largerandbolderfontsthanthenormalbody
textbyawebbrowser.Every.headerleavesa
blanklineaboveandbelowitwhendisplayed
inbrowse.
HTMLhassixheadertags<H1>,
<H2>...........<H6>usedtospecifysection
headings.Textwithheadertagsisdisplayedin
largerandbolderfontsthanthenormalbody
textbyawebbrowser.Every.headerleavesa
blanklineaboveandbelowitwhendisplayed
inbrowse.
Example: An HTML document, headings.html shows
the different section headings
.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Section Heading
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>
<H2> This is Section Heading 2 </H2>
<H3> This is Section Heading 3 </H3>
<H4> This is Section Heading 4 </H4>
<H5> This is Section Heading 5 </H5>
<H6> This is Section Heading 6 </H6>
</BODY>
</HTML>
the different section headings
.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Section Heading
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>
<H2> This is Section Heading 2 </H2>
<H3> This is Section Heading 3 </H3>
<H4> This is Section Heading 4 </H4>
<H5> This is Section Heading 5 </H5>
<H6> This is Section Heading 6 </H6>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Viewing output of HTML document
headings.html in browse
This is Section Heading 1
This is Section Heading 2
This is Section Heading 3
This is Section Heading 4
This is Section Heading 5
This is Section Heading 6
headings.html in browse
This is Section Heading 1
This is Section Heading 2
This is Section Heading 3
This is Section Heading 4
This is Section Heading 5
This is Section Heading 6
SPECIAL CHARTACTER
•There are certain special characters that can be used
while creating document.Following are some special
character:
•Symbols Entity
©, ® ©, ®
¼, ½, ¾ ¼, ½, ¾
÷, <, >, ≤,≥ ÷, <, >, &le, &ge
& &
♣♠♥ &spades, &clubs, &hearts
All these special character must be ended with a
semicolon;
•There are certain special characters that can be used
while creating document.Following are some special
character:
•Symbols Entity
©, ® ©, ®
¼, ½, ¾ ¼, ½, ¾
÷, <, >, ≤,≥ ÷, <, >, &le, &ge
& &
♣♠♥ &spades, &clubs, &hearts
All these special character must be ended with a
semicolon;
Example:
<PRE>
The copyright symbol is: ©
The registered rank is: ®
</PRE>
•Output:
The copyright symbol is:©
The registered rank is:®
<PRE>
The copyright symbol is: ©
The registered rank is: ®
</PRE>
•Output:
The copyright symbol is:©
The registered rank is:®
ADVANTAGES OF HTML
•Easy to use
•Loose syntax (although, being too flexible will not
comply with standards).
•Supported on almost every browser, if not all browsers.
•Widely used; established on almost every website, if
not all websites.
•Very similar to XML syntax, which is increasingly used
for data storage.
•Free -You need not buy any software.
•Easy to learn & code even for novice programmers.
•Easy to use
•Loose syntax (although, being too flexible will not
comply with standards).
•Supported on almost every browser, if not all browsers.
•Widely used; established on almost every website, if
not all websites.
•Very similar to XML syntax, which is increasingly used
for data storage.
•Free -You need not buy any software.
•Easy to learn & code even for novice programmers.
DISADVANTAGES OF HTML
•Itcannotproducedynamicoutputalone,sinceitisastatic
language
•Sometimes,thestructuringofHTMLdocumentsishardto
grasp
•Youhavetokeepupwithdeprecatedtags,andmakesurenot
tousethem
•Deprecatedtagsappearbecauseanotherlanguagethatworks
withHTMLhasreplacedtheoriginalworkofthetag;thusthe
otherlanguageneedstobelearned(mostofthetime,itis
CSS)
•SecurityfeaturesofferedbyHTMLarelimited
•Itcannotproducedynamicoutputalone,sinceitisastatic
language
•Sometimes,thestructuringofHTMLdocumentsishardto
grasp
•Youhavetokeepupwithdeprecatedtags,andmakesurenot
tousethem
•Deprecatedtagsappearbecauseanotherlanguagethatworks
withHTMLhasreplacedtheoriginalworkofthetag;thusthe
otherlanguageneedstobelearned(mostofthetime,itis
CSS)
•SecurityfeaturesofferedbyHTMLarelimited
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