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turbulent flow

1. turbulent flow : reynolds experiment, frictional loss in pipe flow AASTHA LAKHLANI SHAH KRUTI

2. Turbulent Flow Definition : Turbulent flow occurs when the fluid motion becomes chaotic, with irregular and swirling eddies. Characteristics : High velocity Random fluctuations in velocity and pressure. High energy dissipation Example : Water flowing through a pipe at high speeds or wind blowing past a building.

3. REYNOLDS EXPERIMENT The Reynolds experiment conducted by Osborne Reynolds in 1883 demonstrated the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. By introducing dye into water flowing through a pipe, Reynolds observed how flow patterns changed, leading to the development of the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number helps predict flow regimes in various fluid systems.

4. Re = ρ V D /μ Where, V = Flow velocity of the Hydraulic fluid i.e. liquid (m/s) D = Diameter of pipe (m) μ = viscosity (poise) Flow Regimes : • Re < 2000 : Laminar flow • 2000 < Re < 4000 : Transitional flow • Re > 4000 : Turbulent flow

5. Frictional Loss in Pipe Flow   The Darcy- Weisbach equation is an empirical equation named after Henry Darcy and Julius Weisbach . It relates the loss of pressure or head loss due to friction to the average velocity of the fluid flow for an incompressible fluid.

6. Darcy- Weisbach equation hf = f (L/D) x (v^2/2g) where: hf = head loss (m) f = friction factor L = length of pipe work (m) d = inner diameter of pipe work (m) v = velocity of fluid (m/s) g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s²)

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